Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Collège de France, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 04, France.
Europôle méditerranéen de l'Arbois, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie - IMBE (Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD), 13545 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 04, France.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Sep 13;119(37):e2202530119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2202530119. Epub 2022 Aug 29.
The pyramids of Giza originally overlooked a now defunct arm of the Nile. This fluvial channel, the Khufu branch, enabled navigation to the Pyramid Harbor complex but its precise environmental history is unclear. To fill this knowledge gap, we use pollen-derived vegetation patterns to reconstruct 8,000 y of fluvial variations on the Giza floodplain. After a high-stand level concomitant with the African Humid Period, our results show that Giza's waterscapes responded to a gradual insolation-driven aridification of East Africa, with the lowest Nile levels recorded at the end of the Dynastic Period. The Khufu branch remained at a high-water level (∼40% of its Holocene maximum) during the reigns of Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure, facilitating the transportation of construction materials to the Giza Pyramid Complex.
吉萨金字塔最初俯瞰着现已干涸的尼罗河支流。这条名为胡夫支流的河流可以通航至金字塔港综合设施，但它的确切环境历史尚不清楚。为了填补这一知识空白，我们利用花粉衍生的植被模式来重建吉萨泛滥平原上 8000 年的河流变化。在与非洲湿润期同时出现的高水位之后，我们的结果表明，吉萨的水景响应了东非逐渐由太阳辐射驱动的干旱化，在王朝时期记录到了最低的尼罗河水位。在胡夫、哈夫拉和门考拉统治时期，胡夫支流保持在高水位（约为全新世最高水位的 40%），这便于将建筑材料运输到吉萨金字塔建筑群。
