Eya Jonathan, Ejikem Mazpa, Ogamba Chidubem
Anesthesiology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital, Enugu, NGA.
Medicine and Surgery, University of Uyo, Uyo, NGA.
Cureus. 2022 Jul 24;14(7):e27195. doi: 10.7759/cureus.27195. eCollection 2022 Jul.
Background The intensive care unit (ICU) provides critical care to high-risk patients to prevent morbidity and mortality. This requires closer monitoring and better management than the care provided to patients in normal admission wards and non-critical care units. Mortality rates in ICUs in developing countries are remarkably high compared to rates in more developed countries. Evaluating outcomes of treatment is a way to improve the quality of care. Therefore, this study was conducted to review the pattern of admission and outcome in the ICU of Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital (ESUT-TH). Methodology This study was a three-year retrospective, descriptive review of all patients admitted to the ICU of ESUT-TH between January 1, 2019, and December 21, 2021. Data were collected from admissions and discharge registers of the ICU ward. Data were analyzed and expressed as frequencies and percentages. Categorical parameters were compared using the chi-squared test, and the significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results A total of 179 patients were admitted in the three-year period. Of them, 49.2% were postoperative patients while 21.2% were admitted from the accident and emergency unit. There were a total of 74 (41.3%) medical cases and 81 (45.3%) surgical cases, and the rest were unspecified. Among surgical cases, 19% were from the general surgery department followed by obstetrics and gynecology (18.4%) and neurosurgery (16.8%). Cerebrovascular accidents and traumatic brain injury were the most common specific diagnoses recorded among ICU admitted patients. The most common reason for admission was close monitoring of high-risk patients. The mortality rate during the studied period was 34.1%, and this was significantly associated with patient age and type of illness at presentation (p < 0.05). Stratified by year of admission, the highest rate of mortality was noted in the year 2020 (46.7%). Conclusion There is a high level of mortality among ICU admissions in our center. This calls for the improvement of intensive care delivery in the healthcare facility, including training and retraining of manpower and provision of essential facilities for high-quality healthcare delivery.
重症监护病房（ICU）为高危患者提供重症护理，以预防发病和死亡。这需要比普通住院病房和非重症监护病房的患者更密切的监测和更好的管理。与发达国家相比，发展中国家ICU的死亡率非常高。评估治疗结果是提高护理质量的一种方式。因此，本研究旨在回顾埃努古州科技大学教学医院（ESUT-TH）ICU的收治模式和治疗结果。
本研究是一项为期三年的回顾性描述性研究，对2019年1月1日至2021年12月21日期间入住ESUT-TH ICU的所有患者进行分析。数据从ICU病房的入院和出院登记册中收集。数据进行分析并以频率和百分比表示。分类参数采用卡方检验进行比较，显著性水平设定为p<0.05。
三年期间共收治179例患者。其中，49.2%为术后患者，21.2%来自急诊科。共有74例（41.3%）内科病例和81例（45.3%）外科病例，其余未明确分类。在外科病例中，19%来自普通外科，其次是妇产科（18.4%）和神经外科（16.8%）。脑血管意外和创伤性脑损伤是ICU收治患者中最常见的具体诊断。入院的最常见原因是对高危患者进行密切监测。研究期间的死亡率为34.1%，这与患者年龄和就诊时的疾病类型显著相关（p<0.05）。按入院年份分层，2020年死亡率最高（46.7%）。
我们中心ICU收治患者的死亡率较高。这就要求改善医疗机构的重症护理服务，包括对医护人员进行培训和再培训，以及提供高质量医疗服务所需的基本设施。
