Ortega Rosa M, Jiménez Ortega Ana Isabel, Martínez García Rosa M, Aguilar-Aguilar Elena, Lozano Estevan María Del Carmen
Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos. Grupo de investigación UCM-VALORNUT.
Unidad de Gastroenterología Pediátrica. Hospital San Rafael.
Nutr Hosp. 2022 Sep 1;39(Spec No3):35-38. doi: 10.20960/nh.04308.
Childhood obesity is a growing concern, because the problem affects a high percentage of children and is the source of many diseases in the present and in the future, which can lead to a decrease in life expectancy and quality of life. In order to combat the problem, it is necessary to analyze the factors associated with excess weight in childhood in order to act on them and try to curb the trend observed in recent years. Various socio-demographic aspects, as well as inactivity and sedentary lifestyle in children are factors that are associated with an increased risk of obesity and central adiposity. With great prominence in this issue, we have to highlight that the consumption of food is improvable: decrease the consumption of sugar, fat and sodium, and above all increase the consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, dairy is associated with lower obesity and central obesity in children. There is no single responsible for the problem and the interaction between healthy behaviors increases the chances of success in the fight against childhood obesity, which should be considered when planning nutritional education campaigns. Many aspects of the diet and lifestyle of the child population must be improved, perhaps now more emphasis is being placed on restrictive guidelines. Of course, it is desirable to reduce the consumption of sweets and snacks, but messages aimed at increasing the consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and approximating the diet to the theoretical ideal can be prioritized. Constructive guidelines should stand out from restrictive ones.
儿童肥胖问题日益受到关注，因为该问题影响着很大比例的儿童，并且是当前及未来许多疾病的根源，这可能导致预期寿命和生活质量下降。为了解决这个问题，有必要分析与儿童超重相关的因素，以便针对这些因素采取行动，并试图遏制近年来观察到的趋势。各种社会人口学因素，以及儿童的缺乏运动和久坐不动的生活方式，都是与肥胖和中心性肥胖风险增加相关的因素。在这个问题上非常突出的一点是，食物消费情况有待改善：减少糖、脂肪和钠的摄入量，最重要的是增加水果、蔬菜、全谷物、鱼类、奶制品的摄入量，这与降低儿童肥胖和中心性肥胖有关。这个问题并非由单一因素导致，健康行为之间的相互作用增加了战胜儿童肥胖的成功几率，在规划营养教育活动时应予以考虑。儿童群体的饮食和生活方式的许多方面都必须加以改善，也许现在人们更加注重限制性指导方针。当然，减少甜食和零食的消费是可取的，但可以优先考虑旨在增加蔬菜、水果、全谷物消费并使饮食接近理论理想状态的信息。建设性的指导方针应优于限制性的指导方针。
