Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
J Clin Pharm Ther. 2022 Oct;47(10):1506-1516. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.13764. Epub 2022 Aug 30.
Nadolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist that is used for the treatment of hypertension and angina. The primary route for its administration is oral. It is given once daily as it has a longer half-life (t½). The purpose of conducting this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive view of all the available pharmacokinetic (PK) data on nadolol in humans. This review aimed to systematically collate and analyze publish data on the clinical PK of nadolol in humans and this can be beneficial for the clinicians in dosage adjustments.
Two electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar were used for conducting a systematic literature search. All the relevant articles containing PK data of nadolol in humans were retrieved. A total of 1275 articles were searched from both databases and after applying eligibility criteria finally, 22 articles were included for conducting the systematic review.
The area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (C ) of nadolol increased in a dose-dependent manner. The t½ of nadolol was increased to double (18.2-68.6 h) in the patients with chronic kidney disease while the serum t½ became shorter (3.2-4.3 h) when administered to the children. The bioavailability of nadolol was greatly reduced by the coadministration of green tea. Nadolol can be effectively removed by hemodialysis. It undergoes enterohepatic circulation thus activated charcoal decreased its bioavailability.
Since, there is no previous report of a systematic review on the PK of nadolol, the current review encompasses all the relevant published articles on nadolol in humans. The analysis and understanding of PK parameters (AUC, C , and t½) of nadolol may be helpful in the development and evaluation of PK models.
纳多洛尔是一种非选择性的β肾上腺素能拮抗剂，用于治疗高血压和心绞痛。它的主要给药途径是口服。由于其半衰期较长（t1/2），每天只需给药一次。进行这项系统评价的目的是提供关于人类纳多洛尔所有可用药代动力学（PK）数据的全面视图。这项综述旨在系统地整理和分析人类纳多洛尔临床 PK 的发表数据，这对临床医生进行剂量调整可能会有所帮助。
使用两个电子数据库 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 进行系统文献检索。检索了所有包含人类纳多洛尔 PK 数据的相关文章。从两个数据库中共检索到 1275 篇文章，在应用入选标准后，最终纳入了 22 篇文章进行系统评价。
纳多洛尔的血浆浓度曲线下面积（AUC）和最大血浆浓度（Cmax）呈剂量依赖性增加。在慢性肾脏病患者中，纳多洛尔的半衰期增加到两倍（18.2-68.6 小时），而在儿童中给予时，血清半衰期缩短（3.2-4.3 小时）。与绿茶同时给药时，纳多洛尔的生物利用度大大降低。纳多洛尔可以通过血液透析有效清除。它经历肠肝循环，因此活性炭降低了其生物利用度。
由于以前没有关于纳多洛尔 PK 的系统评价报告，因此本次综述涵盖了所有关于人类纳多洛尔的相关已发表文章。对纳多洛尔 PK 参数（AUC、Cmax 和 t1/2）的分析和理解可能有助于 PK 模型的开发和评估。
