Hecht Martin, Horstmann Kai T, Arnold Manuel, Sherman Ryne A, Voelkle Manuel C
Department of Psychology, Helmut Schmidt University, Hamburg, Germany.
Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
J Pers. 2023 Jun;91(3):718-735. doi: 10.1111/jopy.12769. Epub 2022 Sep 25.
Personality psychology has traditionally focused on stable between-person differences. Yet, recent theoretical developments and empirical insights have led to a new conceptualization of personality as a dynamic system (e.g., Cybernetic Big Five Theory). Such dynamic systems comprise several components that need to be conceptually distinguished and mapped to a statistical model for estimation.
In the current work, we illustrate how common components from these new dynamic personality theories may be implemented in a continuous time-modeling framework.
As an empirical example, we reanalyze experience sampling data with N = 180 persons (with on average T = 40 [SD = 8] measurement occasions) to investigate four different effects between momentary happiness, momentary extraverted behavior, and the perception of a situation as social: (1) between-person effects, (2) contemporaneous effects, (3) autoregressive effects, and (4) cross-lagged effects.
We highlight that these four effects must not necessarily point in the same direction, which is in line with assumptions from dynamic personality theories.
人格心理学传统上关注个体间稳定的差异。然而，最近的理论发展和实证见解导致了对人格的一种新的概念化，即将其视为一个动态系统（例如，控制论大五人格理论）。这样的动态系统包含几个需要在概念上加以区分并映射到一个统计模型以进行估计的成分。
在当前的研究中，我们阐述了如何在一个连续时间建模框架中实现这些新的动态人格理论中的共同成分。
作为一个实证例子，我们重新分析了来自180人的经验抽样数据（平均有T = 40 [标准差 = 8] 个测量时点），以研究瞬时幸福感、瞬时外向行为以及将一种情境视为社交情境的认知之间的四种不同效应：（1）个体间效应，（2）同期效应，（3）自回归效应，以及（4）交叉滞后效应。
我们强调这四种效应不一定指向相同的方向，这与动态人格理论的假设一致。
