Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia (Rede Bionorte), Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Macapá, AP, Brazil.
Universidade do Estado do Amapá (UEAP), Macapá, AP, Brazil.
Parasitol Res. 2022 Nov;121(11):3171-3181. doi: 10.1007/s00436-022-07637-x. Epub 2022 Aug 30.
This study investigated the influence of temporal and seasonal (i.e., rainy and dry seasons) in communities and infracommunities of metazoan parasites in Pimelodus ornatus, a Siluriformes from the Amazon River in the state of Amapá, in northern Brazil. A total of 144 fish were collected during 2020 and 2021. In 2020, five species of parasites were found (1 Monogenea, 3 Nematoda, and 1 Cestoda), and in 2021, seven species of parasites were found (1 Monogenea, 3 Nematoda, 1 Cestoda, 1 Digenea, and 1 Crustacea). In 2020, Spirocamallanus inopinatus was dominant, while in 2021, Contracaecum sp. was dominant. Brillouin diversity, species richness, and evenness were higher in 2021. There were differences for some parasite infracommunities between years and between seasonal periods. Brillouin diversity and species richness were higher in the rainy season, but there were no differences in evenness and Berger-Parker dominance between the seasonal periods. Temporal and seasonal variations were mainly influenced by rainfall levels, oxygen levels, and environmental temperature and, later, by the availability of infective stages of parasites in the environment and the size of the hosts. Lastly, the influence of the temporal and seasonal variations on the structure of communities and infracommunities of parasites was weaker than expected due to the low infection rates of the majority of parasites found.
本研究调查了时间和季节（即雨季和旱季）对亚马逊河流域巴西阿马帕州的 Siluriformes 鱼类 Pimelodus ornatus 后生动物寄生虫群落和亚群落的影响。2020 年和 2021 年共采集了 144 条鱼。2020 年发现了 5 种寄生虫（1 种单殖吸虫、3 种线虫和 1 种绦虫），2021 年发现了 7 种寄生虫（1 种单殖吸虫、3 种线虫、1 种绦虫、1 种复殖吸虫和 1 种甲壳类）。2020 年，优势种为 Spirocamallanus inopinatus，而 2021 年则为 Contracaecum sp.。2021 年 Brillouin 多样性、物种丰富度和均匀度均较高。一些寄生虫亚群落存在年际和季节差异。雨季 Brillouin 多样性和物种丰富度较高，但季节间均匀度和 Berger-Parker 优势度无差异。时间和季节变化主要受降雨量、氧气水平、环境温度的影响，随后受寄生虫感染阶段在环境中的可利用性和宿主大小的影响。最后，由于大多数发现的寄生虫感染率较低，时间和季节变化对寄生虫群落和亚群落结构的影响比预期的要弱。
