Neves Lígia Rigôr, Silva Luís Mauricio Abdon, Dias Marcos Tavares
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal (Bionorte), Universidade Federal do Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brasil.
Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá (IEPA), Núcleo de Pesquisas Aquáticas (IEPA/NUPAq), Macapá, AP, Brasil.
Acta Parasitol. 2021 Dec;66(4):1431-1441. doi: 10.1007/s11686-021-00413-4. Epub 2021 May 23.
This study investigated the diversity and ecology of endohelminth parasites in an assemblage of 15 omnivorous and four piscivorous fish species in a tributary of the Amazon River (Brazil).
Fish were collected bimonthly to evaluate the diversity and ecology of endohelminth parasites in omnivorous and piscivorous fish species in a tributary of the Amazon River using traditional methods and other methods.
A total of 4,234 parasites of 19 species (8 Nematoda, 5 Acanthocephala, 4 Digenea and 2 Cestoda) were sampled from 531 fish specimens. Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus and Contracaecum sp. were the predominant parasite species, and the parasites showed an aggregated dispersion pattern. Positive correlation was shown between the abundance of Contracaecum sp., Hysterothylacium patagonense and P. (S.) inopinatus, and the body size of 15.8% of the host fish examined. No difference was shown for Shannon diversity index and evenness between omnivorous and piscivorous hosts, but the richness, abundance and intensity of parasites were greater in piscivorous host fish.
In the fish assemblage, the presence of parasites in the larval and adult stages suggests that these are intermediate, paratenic and definitive hosts, reflecting the feeding habits of the omnivorous and piscivorous host species. 74.1% of the parasite species were new records for the different host species examined. The size of the hosts, trophic level and diet had an influence on the structuring of endohelminth communities and infracommunities.
本研究调查了巴西亚马逊河一条支流中15种杂食性鱼类和4种食鱼性鱼类体内内寄生蠕虫寄生虫的多样性和生态情况。
采用传统方法及其他方法，每两个月采集一次鱼类样本，以评估亚马逊河一条支流中杂食性和食鱼性鱼类体内内寄生蠕虫寄生虫的多样性和生态情况。
从531份鱼类样本中总共采集到了19种（8种线虫、5种棘头虫、4种复殖吸虫和2种绦虫）的4234条寄生虫。意外原驼形线虫（Spirocamallanus）和对盲囊线虫属某种是主要的寄生虫种类，且这些寄生虫呈现聚集分布模式。对盲囊线虫属某种、巴塔哥尼亚后圆线虫和意外原驼形线虫（Spirocamallanus）的丰度与所检查的15.8%的宿主鱼类的体长呈正相关。杂食性和食鱼性宿主之间的香农多样性指数和均匀度没有差异，但食鱼性宿主鱼类中的寄生虫丰富度、丰度和感染强度更高。
在该鱼类群落中，幼虫期和成虫期寄生虫的存在表明这些鱼类是中间宿主、转续宿主和终末宿主，反映了杂食性和食鱼性宿主物种的摄食习性。74.1%的寄生虫种类是所检查的不同宿主物种的新记录。宿主的大小、营养级和饮食对体内寄生蠕虫群落和亚群落的结构有影响。
