Baia Raimundo Rosemiro Jesus, Florentino Alexandro Cezar, Silva Luís Maurício Abdon, Tavares-Dias Marcos
Embrapa Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program on Tropical Biodiversity, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.
Acta Parasitol. 2018 Jun 26;63(2):304-316. doi: 10.1515/ap-2018-0035.
This paper characterizes the pattern of ectoparasite and endoparasite communities in an assemblage of 35 sympatric fish from different trophic levels in a tributary from the Amazon River system, northern Brazil. In detritivorous, carnivorous, omnivorous and piscivorous hosts, the species richness consisted of 82 ectoparasites and endoparasites, but protozoan ectoparasites such as Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Piscinoodinium pillulare and Tripartiella sp. were dominant species predominated, such that they were present in 80% of the hosts. The taxon richness was in the following order: Monogenea > Nematoda > Digenea > Crustacea > Protozoa > Acanthocephala = Cestoda > Hirudinea. Among the hosts, the highest number of parasitic associations occurred in Satanoperca jurupari, Aequidens tetramerus, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, Hoplosternum littorale, Cichlasoma amazonarum, Chaetobranchus flavescens, Squaliforma emarginata, Chaetobranchopsis orbicularis and Hoplias malabaricus. A weak positive correlation between ectoparasite abundance and length of the hosts was observed. Ectoparasite communities of detritivorous, carnivorous and omnivorous hosts were similar, but these differed from the communities of piscivorous hosts. Larval endoparasite species with low host specificity were the main determinants of the parasite infracommunity structure of the fish assemblage. Fish assemblage had few species of helminth that were specialist endoparasites, while many were parasites at the larval stage, infecting intermediate and paratenic hosts. Finally, carnivorous and omnivorous hosts harbored endoparasite communities that were more heterogeneous than those of detritivorous and piscivorous hosts. This result lends supports to the notion that the feeding habits of the host species are a significant factor in determining the endoparasites fauna.
本文描述了巴西北部亚马逊河系统一条支流中35种来自不同营养级的同域鱼类的体外寄生虫和体内寄生虫群落模式。在食碎屑性、肉食性、杂食性和食鱼性宿主中，物种丰富度包括82种体外寄生虫和体内寄生虫，但诸如多子小瓜虫、卵形隐鞭虫和Tripartiella属等原生动物体外寄生虫是优势物种，它们存在于80%的宿主中。分类丰富度顺序如下：单殖吸虫纲>线虫纲>复殖吸虫纲>甲壳纲>原生动物>棘头虫纲 = 绦虫纲>蛭纲。在宿主中，寄生关联数量最多的是朱鲁帕丽丽体鱼、四线丽体鱼、单带颈鳍鳢、缘边盾腹鲶、亚马逊丽体鱼、黄斑半线脂鲤、凹尾歧鬚鲶、圆拟半线脂鲤和马拉巴锯脂鲤。观察到体外寄生虫丰度与宿主长度之间存在微弱的正相关。食碎屑性、肉食性和杂食性宿主的体外寄生虫群落相似，但与食鱼性宿主的群落不同。宿主特异性低的幼虫体内寄生虫物种是鱼类群落寄生虫亚群落结构的主要决定因素。鱼类群落中作为专性体内寄生虫的蠕虫物种较少，而许多是幼虫阶段的寄生虫，感染中间宿主和转续宿主。最后，肉食性和杂食性宿主的体内寄生虫群落比食碎屑性和食鱼性宿主的更具异质性。这一结果支持了宿主物种的摄食习性是决定体内寄生虫动物群的一个重要因素这一观点。
