US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Food Components and Health Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA.
Bournemouth University, Department of Psychology, Bournemouth, UK.
Adv Nutr. 2022 Dec 22;13(6):2341-2356. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmac090.
Numerous governmental and health organizations recommend reduced intake of added sugars due to the health risks associated with excess intake, including the risk of obesity. Some organizations further recommend avoiding dietary sweetness, regardless of the source. A scoping review and evidence map were completed to characterize the research that investigated associations between dietary sweetness and body weight. The aim was to identify and map published studies that have investigated total dietary sweetness, sweet food/beverages, sugar, or sweetener intake, and body weight-related outcomes and/or energy intake. Using preregistered search terms (osf.io/my7pb), 36,779 publications (duplicates removed) were identified from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus and screened for inclusion. Eligible studies were clinical trials, longitudinal cohorts, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, and systematic reviews conducted among adults (age ≥18 y), which were performed to investigate associations between dietary sweetness, sweet foods/beverages, sugar, or sweetener (energetic or nonenergetic) intake and body weight, BMI, adiposity, and/or energy intake. A total of 833 eligible publications were identified, detailing 804 studies. Only 7 studies (0.9% of included studies; 2 clinical trials, 4 cross-sectional studies, and 1 with another design type) investigated associations between total dietary sweetness and body weight-related outcome and/or energy intake. An additional 608 (75.6%) studies investigated intakes of sweet foods/beverages, sugar, or sweetener, and body weight-related outcomes and/or energy intake, including 225 clinical trials, 81 longitudinal cohorts, 4 case-control studies, and 280 cross-sectional studies. Most studies (90.6%) did not measure the sweetness of the diet or individual foods consumed. Ninety-two (11.4%) publications reported data from studies on dietary patterns that included sweet foods/beverages alongside other dietary components and 97 (12.1%) systematic reviews addressed different but related research questions. Although there is a breadth of evidence from studies that have investigated associations between intakes of sweet foods and beverages, sugars, and sweeteners and body weight, there is a limited depth of evidence on the association between total dietary sweetness and body weight.
由于摄入过量会带来健康风险，包括肥胖风险，许多政府和健康组织建议减少添加糖的摄入量。一些组织还建议避免饮食中的甜味，而不论其来源如何。为了描述研究饮食甜味与体重之间关系的研究，进行了范围综述和证据图谱。目的是确定和绘制已发表的研究，这些研究调查了总膳食甜味、甜食品/饮料、糖或甜味剂摄入与体重相关结局和/或能量摄入之间的关系。使用预先注册的搜索词（osf.io/my7pb），从 PubMed、Cochrane 图书馆和 Scopus 中确定了 36779 篇出版物（去除重复项），并对其进行了筛选以纳入研究。合格的研究是在成年人（年龄≥18 岁）中进行的临床试验、纵向队列研究、病例对照研究、横断面研究和系统评价，旨在调查饮食甜味、甜食品/饮料、糖或甜味剂（有能量或无能量）摄入与体重、BMI、肥胖和/或能量摄入之间的关系。共确定了 833 篇合格出版物，详细介绍了 804 项研究。只有 7 项研究（占纳入研究的 0.9%；2 项临床试验、4 项横断面研究和 1 项具有其他设计类型）调查了总膳食甜味与体重相关结局和/或能量摄入之间的关系。另外 608 项（75.6%）研究调查了甜食品/饮料、糖或甜味剂的摄入量与体重相关结局和/或能量摄入之间的关系，包括 225 项临床试验、81 项纵向队列研究、4 项病例对照研究和 280 项横断面研究。大多数研究（90.6%）没有测量饮食或所摄入的单个食物的甜度。92 项（11.4%）出版物报告了来自研究饮食模式的研究数据，这些研究模式包括甜食品/饮料以及其他饮食成分，97 项（12.1%）系统评价涉及不同但相关的研究问题。尽管有大量证据表明摄入甜食品和饮料、糖和甜味剂与体重之间存在关联，但关于总膳食甜味与体重之间关联的证据深度有限。
