Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT,USA.
Real Salt Lake, Salt Lake City, UT,USA.
J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2022 Aug 30;44(5):370-381. doi: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0244. Print 2022 Oct 1.
We examined skill-based differences in the detection and utilization of contextual information over a period of increasing exposure to an opponent's action preferences in soccer. Moreover, we investigated the ability of athletes to adapt to changes in these action preferences over time. In an initial detection phase, the attacking opponent demonstrated a proclivity to either pass or dribble, with these preferences being reversed in a subsequent adaptation phase of the same length. Skilled soccer players showed superior anticipation accuracy across both phases compared with less-skilled counterparts. The skilled participants significantly enhanced their performance over both phases, despite a significant drop in performance immediately following the change in opponent action preferences. In contrast, the less-skilled group only improved over the detection phase. Gaze data revealed that the skilled participants fixated more on kinematically relevant areas, compared with the less-skilled group, and increased the time spent fixating the player "off the ball" following greater volumes of exposure. Our novel findings elaborate on how skilled performers use both action preferences and motion information to anticipate an opponent's impending actions in sport.
我们考察了在足球比赛中，随着对手动作偏好暴露时间的增加，运动员在检测和利用情境信息方面的技能差异。此外，我们还研究了运动员随着时间的推移适应这些动作偏好变化的能力。在初始的检测阶段，进攻对手表现出传球或运球的倾向，随后在相同长度的适应阶段，这些偏好会发生逆转。与技术水平较低的运动员相比，技术熟练的足球运动员在两个阶段的预判准确性都更高。尽管在对手动作偏好发生变化后，运动员的表现明显下降，但熟练组在两个阶段的表现都显著提高。相比之下，技术水平较低的运动员仅在检测阶段有所提高。眼动数据显示，与技术水平较低的运动员相比，技术熟练的运动员更多地注视与动作相关的区域，并在接触球后的球员“无球跑动”时增加注视时间。我们的新发现详细阐述了熟练运动员如何利用动作偏好和运动信息来预判对手在运动中的即将发生的动作。
