衰老研究中的进化方法。
Evolutionary Approaches in Aging Research.
机构信息
Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
出版信息
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2022 Nov 1;12(11):a041195. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041195.
While evolutionary explanations for aging have been widely acknowledged, the application of evolutionary principles to the practice of aging research has, until recently, been limited. Aging research has been dominated by studies of populations in evolutionarily novel industrialized environments and by use of short-lived animal models that are distantly related to humans. In this review, I address several emerging areas of "evolutionarily relevant" aging research, which provide a valuable complement to conventional biomedical research on aging. Nonhuman primates offer particular value as both translational and comparative models due to their long life spans, shared evolutionary history with humans, and social complexity. Additionally, because the human organism evolved in a radically different environment than that in which most humans live today, studying populations living in diverse ecologies has redefined our understanding of healthy aging by revealing the contribution of industrialized human environments to age-related pathologies.
虽然衰老的进化解释已经得到广泛认可，但直到最近，进化原则在衰老研究实践中的应用才受到限制。衰老研究主要集中在进化新颖的工业化环境中的人群研究以及使用与人类关系较远的短寿命动物模型上。在这篇综述中，我将讨论几个新兴的“与进化相关”的衰老研究领域，这些领域为传统的衰老生物医学研究提供了有价值的补充。非人类灵长类动物作为转化和比较模型具有特殊的价值，因为它们的寿命长，与人类有着共同的进化历史，并且社会结构复杂。此外，由于人类机体是在与当今大多数人生活的环境截然不同的环境中进化的，因此研究生活在不同生态环境中的人群通过揭示工业化人类环境对与年龄相关的病理的贡献，重新定义了我们对健康衰老的理解。
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