The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
J Neurodev Disord. 2022 Aug 30;14(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s11689-022-09458-6.
Autism is a complex condition with many traits, including differences in auditory sensitivity. Studies in human autism are plagued by the difficulty of controlling for aetiology, whereas studies in individual rodent models cannot represent the full spectrum of human autism. This systematic review compares results in auditory studies across a wide range of established rodent models of autism to mimic the wide range of aetiologies in the human population. A search was conducted in the PubMed and Web of Science databases to find primary research articles in mouse or rat models of autism which investigate central auditory processing. A total of 88 studies were included. These used non-invasive measures of auditory function, such as auditory brainstem response recordings, cortical event-related potentials, electroencephalography, and behavioural tests, which are translatable to human studies. They also included invasive measures, such as electrophysiology and histology, which shed insight on the origins of the phenotypes found in the non-invasive studies. The most consistent results across these studies were increased latency of the N1 peak of event-related potentials, decreased power and coherence of gamma activity in the auditory cortex, and increased auditory startle responses to high sound levels. Invasive studies indicated loss of subcortical inhibitory neurons, hyperactivity in the lateral superior olive and auditory thalamus, and reduced specificity of responses in the auditory cortex. This review compares the auditory phenotypes across rodent models and highlights those that mimic findings in human studies, providing a framework and avenues for future studies to inform understanding of the auditory system in autism.
自闭症是一种具有多种特征的复杂病症，包括听觉敏感度的差异。人类自闭症的研究受到病因控制困难的困扰，而单一啮齿动物模型的研究则无法代表人类自闭症的全部范围。本系统评价比较了广泛的自闭症啮齿动物模型中的听觉研究结果，以模拟人类群体中广泛的病因。在 PubMed 和 Web of Science 数据库中进行了检索，以找到研究自闭症啮齿动物模型中枢听觉处理的原始研究文章。共纳入 88 项研究。这些研究使用了非侵入性的听觉功能测量方法，如听觉脑干反应记录、皮层事件相关电位、脑电图和行为测试，这些方法可转化为人类研究。它们还包括侵入性测量方法，如电生理学和组织学，这些方法为非侵入性研究中发现的表型的起源提供了深入的了解。这些研究中最一致的结果是事件相关电位的 N1 峰潜伏期延长、听觉皮层中伽马活动的功率和相干性降低、以及对高强度声音的听觉惊跳反应增加。侵入性研究表明，皮质下抑制性神经元减少、外侧上橄榄核和听觉丘脑过度活跃、以及听觉皮层的反应特异性降低。本综述比较了啮齿动物模型中的听觉表型，并强调了那些与人类研究发现相似的表型，为未来的研究提供了框架和途径，以了解自闭症中的听觉系统。
