Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Proc Biol Sci. 2022 Aug 31;289(1981):20221249. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1249.
Phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolution enable population persistence in response to global change. However, there are few experiments that test how these processes interact within and across generations, especially in marine species with broad distributions experiencing spatially and temporally variable temperature and CO. We employed a quantitative genetics experiment with the purple sea urchin, , to decompose family-level variation in transgenerational and developmental plastic responses to ecologically relevant temperature and CO. Adults were conditioned to controlled non-upwelling (high temperature, low CO) or upwelling (low temperature, high CO) conditions. Embryos were reared in either the same conditions as their parents or the crossed environment, and morphological aspects of larval body size were quantified. We find evidence of family-level phenotypic plasticity in response to different developmental environments. Among developmental environments, there was substantial additive genetic variance for one body size metric when larvae developed under upwelling conditions, although this differed based on parental environment. Furthermore, cross-environment correlations indicate significant variance for genotype-by-environment interactive effects. Therefore, genetic variation for plasticity is evident in early stages of , emphasizing the importance of adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity in organismal responses to global change.
表型可塑性和适应进化使种群能够在全球变化的情况下得以存活。然而，很少有实验能够检验这些过程在代内和代际之间是如何相互作用的，尤其是在那些分布广泛、经历着时空变化的温度和 CO 的海洋物种中。我们利用定量遗传学实验研究了紫色海胆，以分解跨代和发育对生态相关温度和 CO 的可塑性响应中的家族水平变异。成年个体适应于受控的非上升流（高温、低 CO）或上升流（低温、高 CO）条件。胚胎在与父母相同的条件或交叉环境中培养，并对幼虫体型的形态方面进行了量化。我们发现了对不同发育环境存在家族水平表型可塑性的证据。在发育环境中，当幼虫在上升流条件下发育时，一个体型指标存在大量的加性遗传方差，但这取决于亲代环境。此外，交叉环境相关性表明基因型与环境互作效应存在显著的方差。因此，可塑性的遗传变异在 的早期阶段表现明显，这强调了在全球变化下，适应性进化和表型可塑性对生物个体响应的重要性。
