National Institutes of Health, Institute for Medical Research, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Bacteriology Unit, Selangor, Malaysia.
National Institutes of Health, Biostatistics and Data Repository Sector, Selangor, Malaysia.
Malays J Pathol. 2022 Aug;44(2):269-276.
Human brucellosis is a zoonotic disease in Malaysia. This study analysed six-year retrospective seropositivity trends of human brucellosis cases from 2014 to 2019.
A total of 1,281 serum samples were obtained from suspected brucellosis patients were included. The sera were tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgM and IgG antibodies for Brucella spp. Samples with equivocal or positive antibody index were confirmed with an immunocapture agglutination.
During the study period, 5.8% (n=74) of suspected cases showed seropositivity for human brucellosis. The central region has the highest seropositivity cases of human brucellosis. Consumption of unpasteurised milk was significantly associated with human brucellosis in this study with adjusted odds ratio ((AOR) = 4.56, 95% CI = 2.6, 8.02, p-value < 0.001). The age group of less than 15 years old was more likely to contract brucellosis ((AOR) = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.01, 7.84 p-value < 0.048).
Serological tests have been widely used for the diagnosis of human brucellosis. However, diagnosis using serology is often challenging without the presence of a convalescent sample. In conclusion, even though human brucellosis has a low prevalence rate, the disease has serious public health implications. The usage of effective diagnostic tools as well as implementation of 'One Health' approach are the way forward to prevent and control of brucellosis in the country.
人类布鲁氏菌病是马来西亚的一种人畜共患病。本研究分析了 2014 年至 2019 年六年间人类布鲁氏菌病病例的血清阳性趋势。
共纳入了 1281 份疑似布鲁氏菌病患者的血清样本。采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测血清中布鲁氏菌属 IgM 和 IgG 抗体。对抗体指数可疑或阳性的样本采用免疫捕获凝集试验进行确认。
在研究期间，5.8%（n=74）的疑似病例出现人类布鲁氏菌病血清阳性。中心区域的人类布鲁氏菌病血清阳性病例最多。本研究中，未经过巴氏消毒的牛奶消费与人类布鲁氏菌病显著相关，调整后的比值比（AOR）为 4.56（95%CI=2.6，8.02，p 值<0.001）。年龄小于 15 岁的人群更易感染布鲁氏菌病（AOR=2.81，95%CI=1.01，7.84，p 值<0.048）。
血清学检测已广泛用于人类布鲁氏菌病的诊断。然而，由于缺乏恢复期样本，血清学诊断常常具有挑战性。总之，尽管人类布鲁氏菌病的患病率较低，但该疾病对公共卫生具有严重影响。使用有效的诊断工具以及实施“同一健康”方法是预防和控制该国布鲁氏菌病的前进方向。
