MD, MSc. Post-Master's Student, Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
MD, PhD. Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Medical Consultant, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Sao Paulo Med J. 2022 Aug 29;141(2):98-106. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0998.11052022. eCollection 2022.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the second leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa. Globally, there is substantial evidence that modifiable risk factors for CVD are increasing in adolescents. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of information on the prevalence and clustering of these risk factors in adolescents.
This study explores the modifiable risk factors for CVD among first-year students at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
A total of 546 newly admitted students at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, were recruited using stratified random sampling. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information from study participants between January and February 2016.
The mean age of respondents was 19 ± 2.2 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1. The reported risk factors for CVD were smoking (1.6%), abdominal obesity (3.3%), alcohol consumption (3.7%), overweight/obesity (20.7%), unhealthy diet (85.3%), and physical inactivity (94.5%). Clustering of ≥ 2 risk factors was reported in 23.4% of students. Female students were twice as probably overweight/obese as male students (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.2; confidence interval [CI] = 1.41-3.43). Students whose fathers were skilled workers were 3.5 times more likely to be physically inactive (AOR = 1.7; CI = 0.97-2.96). The clustering of ≥ 2 risk factors was significantly higher among women and Muslims in bivariate analysis, whereas no significant association was found in multivariate analysis.
Public health strategies to prevent CVD risk factors should begin in schools and extend to the entire community.
心血管疾病（CVD）是撒哈拉以南非洲地区的第二大致死原因。在全球范围内，有大量证据表明，可改变的 CVD 风险因素在青少年中呈上升趋势。不幸的是，关于这些风险因素在青少年中的流行程度和聚集程度的信息很少。
本研究探讨了尼日利亚伊巴丹大学一年级学生 CVD 的可改变风险因素。
这是一项在尼日利亚伊巴丹大学进行的横断面研究。
采用分层随机抽样的方法，共招募了 546 名尼日利亚伊巴丹大学新入学的学生。在 2016 年 1 月至 2 月期间，使用访谈者管理的问卷从研究参与者中获取信息。
受访者的平均年龄为 19 ± 2.2 岁，男女比例为 1:1。报告的 CVD 风险因素包括吸烟（1.6%）、腹部肥胖（3.3%）、饮酒（3.7%）、超重/肥胖（20.7%）、不健康饮食（85.3%）和身体活动不足（94.5%）。≥2 种风险因素聚集的学生占 23.4%。与男性相比，女性超重/肥胖的可能性是男性的两倍（调整后的优势比[OR] = 2.2；置信区间[CI] = 1.41-3.43）。父亲是技术工人的学生体力活动不足的可能性是父亲是非技术工人的学生的 3.5 倍（OR = 1.7；CI = 0.97-2.96）。在单变量分析中，≥2 种风险因素聚集的情况在女性和穆斯林中显著更高，而在多变量分析中则没有发现显著关联。
预防 CVD 风险因素的公共卫生策略应从学校开始，并扩展到整个社区。
