Santos Paula Clara, Machado Dalmo Roberto Lopes, Abdalla Pedro Pugliesi, Santos Claúdia Vanessa, Lopes Sofia, Martins Anabela Correia, Mota Jorge, Mesquita Cristina
Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Portugal, António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200 - 072, Porto, Portugal.
CIR - Center for Rehabilitation Research, ESS/PPorto, Portugal, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200 - 072, Porto, Portugal.
Curr Aging Sci. 2023;16(1):65-74. doi: 10.2174/1874609815666220827143753.
The risk of falling increases with neuromusculoskeletal and cognitive changes resulting from aging. Physical exercise shows beneficial effects on the risk of falling, but the results are unknown when associated with cognitive activity dual-task (DT).
The objective of the study was to evaluate the impacts of the Otago Exercise Program (OEP) plus DT cognitive activity on the risk of falling in older adults.
36 older adults (83.5 ± 5.7 years) participated in a quasi-experimental study, distributed in two experimental groups and a control group: 1) OEP (OEPG; n=12), 2) OEP plus DT (OEPDTG; n = 12), and a control group (CG; n=12). Older adults were evaluated at pre- and post- 12 weeks of intervention. The thresholds for the risk of falling were considered as multiparameter scores of the 10 Meter Walking Test (10MWT), evocative 10MWT, Timed Up and Go (TUG), Sit to Stand Test (STS), and The Four-Stage Balance Test (Four-Stage), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), to test the cognitive impairment.
At baseline, all groups were homogeneous. Post-intervention, the experimental groups presented significant functional differences, in comparison to the CG, for 10MWT (OEPDTG: p= 0.002; OEPG: p= 0.002); evocative 10MWT (OEPDTG: p=0.001; OEPG: p=0.001); TUG (OEPDTG: p=0.034); STS (OEPDTG: p<0.001; OEPG: p<0.001) and cognitive for MoCA (OEPDTG: p<0.019). Significant intra-group differences (pre-post) were observed in all intervention groups, but none in CG. The risk of falling (Four-Stage) in experimental groups (OEPDTG: 33.3%; OEPG: 41.7%) was considerably lower than CG (83.3%).
Otago Exercise Program alone can reduce the risk of falling due to improved functionality, but adding the dual task also improves cognitive capacity in older adults. The clinical significance of these interventions goes beyond statistics.
随着衰老导致的神经肌肉骨骼和认知变化，跌倒风险会增加。体育锻炼对跌倒风险显示出有益影响，但与认知活动双任务（DT）相关时结果未知。
本研究的目的是评估奥塔哥运动计划（OEP）加DT认知活动对老年人跌倒风险的影响。
36名老年人（83.5±5.7岁）参与了一项准实验研究，分为两个实验组和一个对照组：1）OEP组（OEPG；n = 12），2）OEP加DT组（OEPDTG；n = 12），以及一个对照组（CG；n = 12）。在干预12周前后对老年人进行评估。跌倒风险阈值被视为10米步行测试（10MWT）、诱发10MWT、计时起立行走测试（TUG）、坐立测试（STS）和四阶段平衡测试（四阶段）的多参数评分，以及蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA），以测试认知障碍。
在基线时，所有组均具有同质性。干预后，与CG组相比，实验组在10MWT（OEPDTG：p = 0.002；OEPG：p = 0.002）、诱发10MWT（OEPDTG：p = 0.001；OEPG：p = 0.001）、TUG（OEPDTG：p = 0.034）、STS（OEPDTG：p < 0.001；OEPG：p < 0.001）以及MoCA认知方面（OEPDTG：p < 0.019）呈现出显著的功能差异。在所有干预组中均观察到显著的组内差异（干预前后），但CG组未观察到。实验组（OEPDTG：33.3%；OEPG：41.7%）的跌倒风险（四阶段）显著低于CG组（83.3%）。
单独的奥塔哥运动计划可因功能改善而降低跌倒风险，但加入双任务还可提高老年人的认知能力。这些干预措施的临床意义超出了统计学范畴。
