Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Departments of Psychology and Women's and Gender Studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
J Homosex. 2024 Jan 28;71(2):319-343. doi: 10.1080/00918369.2022.2114399. Epub 2022 Aug 31.
Body image is consequential for overall well-being and has a complex relation to gender. Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals develop body image amid intersecting systems of oppression, such as sexism, cisnormativity, heteronormativity, and gender binary pressures. This study used an intersectionality framework to examine how various aspects of gender identification (cis/trans, binary/nonbinary, woman/man identification) related to body image differences among SGM individuals. We also assessed whether identification with conventionally masculine and feminine personality traits predicted body image. We used one-way and two-way ANOVAs and linear regressions to analyze two indicators of body image (body appreciation and drive for muscularity) in a sample of 643 SGM individuals (148 sexual minority (SM) cis women, 171 trans women, 121 SM cis men, 43 trans men, 160 nonbinary individuals). Results implicated cisnormativity as an influential and hierarchical force for body image, although woman/man and binary/nonbinary identification also played roles in group differences. With a few exceptions, masculine but not feminine trait identification significantly predicted body appreciation and drive for muscularity, indicating a complicated association with overall body image. These findings underscore the value of an intersectional lens for analyzing how broad social forces may manifest in individual-level body image for SGM individuals.
体像对于整体幸福感很重要，与性别也有着复杂的关系。性少数群体（SGM）个体在性别压迫、顺性别规范、异性恋规范和二元性别压力等交织的系统中发展体像。本研究采用交叉性视角，考察了不同性别认同（顺/跨性别、二元/非二元、女性/男性认同）方面如何与 SGM 个体的体像差异相关。我们还评估了传统上男性化和女性化人格特质的认同是否能预测体像。我们使用单向和双向方差分析以及线性回归，分析了 643 名 SGM 个体（148 名性少数群体（SM）顺性别女性、171 名跨性别女性、121 名 SM 顺性别男性、43 名跨性别男性、160 名非二元性别个体）的两个体像指标（体像欣赏和肌肉发达驱力）。结果表明，顺性别规范是体像的一种有影响力的、等级性的力量，尽管女性/男性和二元/非二元认同也在群体差异中发挥了作用。除了一些例外，男性化但非女性化特质的认同显著预测了体像欣赏和肌肉发达驱力，表明与整体体像存在复杂的关联。这些发现强调了交叉性视角分析广泛的社会力量如何在 SGM 个体的个体层面体像中表现出来的价值。
