RBM45 is an mA-binding protein that affects neuronal differentiation and the splicing of a subset of mRNAs.

N-methyladenosine (mA) is deposited co-transcriptionally on thousands of cellular mRNAs and plays important roles in mRNA processing and cellular function. mA is particularly abundant within the brain and is critical for neurodevelopment. However, the mechanisms through which mA contributes to brain development are incompletely understood. RBM45 acts as an mA-binding protein that is highly expressed during neurodevelopment. We find that RBM45 binds to thousands of cellular RNAs, predominantly within intronic regions. Rbm45 depletion disrupts the constitutive splicing of a subset of target pre-mRNAs, leading to altered mRNA and protein levels through both mA-dependent and mA-independent mechanisms. Finally, we find that RBM45 is necessary for neuroblastoma cell differentiation and that its depletion impacts the expression of genes involved in several neurodevelopmental signaling pathways. Altogether, our findings show a role for RBM45 in controlling mRNA processing and neuronal differentiation, mediated in part by the recognition of methylated RNA.