Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Mol Cell. 2022 Oct 6;82(19):3526-3537. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.08.005. Epub 2022 Aug 30.
Cellular quiescence-reversible exit from the cell cycle-is an important feature of many cell types important for organismal health. Quiescent cells activate protective mechanisms that allow their persistence in the absence of growth and division for long periods of time. Aging and cellular dysfunction compromise the survival and re-activation of quiescent cells over time. Counteracting this decline are two interconnected organelles that lie at opposite ends of the secretory pathway: the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. In this review, we highlight recent studies exploring the roles of these two organelles in quiescent cells from diverse contexts and speculate on potential other roles they may play, such as through organelle contact sites. Finally, we discuss emerging models of cellular quiescence, utilizing new cell culture systems and model organisms, that are suited to the mechanistic investigation of the functions of these organelles in quiescent cells.
细胞静止-可逆退出细胞周期-是许多对生物体健康很重要的细胞类型的一个重要特征。静止细胞激活保护机制，允许它们在没有生长和分裂的情况下长时间存活。随着时间的推移，衰老和细胞功能障碍会损害静止细胞的存活和重新激活。对抗这种衰退的是两个相互关联的细胞器，它们位于分泌途径的两端：内质网和溶酶体。在这篇综述中，我们强调了最近的研究探索了这两个细胞器在不同背景下的静止细胞中的作用，并推测了它们可能发挥的其他潜在作用，例如通过细胞器接触位点。最后，我们讨论了新兴的细胞静止模型，利用新的细胞培养系统和模式生物，适合于这些细胞器在静止细胞中的功能的机制研究。
