Department of Political Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Med Health Care Philos. 2022 Dec;25(4):681-692. doi: 10.1007/s11019-022-10112-0. Epub 2022 Aug 31.
In this article, I apply the concept of solidarity to collective knowledge practices in healthcare. Generally, solidarity acknowledges that people are dependent on each other in many respects, and it captures those support practices that people engage in out of concern for others in whom they recognise a relevant similarity. Drawing on the rich literature on solidarity in bioethics and beyond, this article specifically discusses the role that epistemic solidarity can play in healthcare. It thus focuses, in particular, on solidarity's relationship with justice and injustice. In this regard, it is argued (1) that justice and solidarity are two equally important and complementary values that should both be considered in healthcare practices and institutions and (2) that solidarity often arises in unjust situations and can be a means to bring about justice. I transfer these 'general' insights about solidarity to knowledge practices in healthcare and link them to the discussion about epistemic injustices in healthcare and how to overcome them. I argue that epistemic solidarity can play an important role in overcoming epistemic injustices as well as-and independently from its contribution to justice-in knowledge production in medicine more generally. To demonstrate how epistemic solidarity can add to our understanding of collective knowledge practices, I discuss two examples: patients sharing their medical data for research purposes and healthcare professionals' engagement with patients to better understand their afflictions.
本文将团结的概念应用于医疗保健中的集体知识实践。一般来说,团结承认人们在许多方面相互依赖,并捕捉到人们出于对他人的关心而从事的那些支持性实践,这些他人与他们认识到的相关相似性有关。本文借鉴了生物伦理学和其他领域关于团结的丰富文献,专门讨论了认识论团结在医疗保健中可以发挥的作用。因此,它特别关注团结与正义和不正义的关系。在这方面,有人认为:(1)正义和团结是同等重要和互补的价值观,在医疗保健实践和机构中都应予以考虑;(2)团结常常出现在不公正的情况下,是实现正义的一种手段。我将这些关于团结的“一般”观点转移到医疗保健中的知识实践中,并将其与医疗保健中的认识论不公正以及如何克服这些不公正的讨论联系起来。我认为,认识论团结可以在克服认识论不公正方面发挥重要作用,并且——除了对医学知识生产的正义贡献之外——也可以发挥作用。为了展示认识论团结如何有助于我们理解集体知识实践,我讨论了两个例子:患者为研究目的共享他们的医疗数据,以及医疗保健专业人员与患者合作,以更好地了解他们的痛苦。