Zhang Zimin, Peng Di
Chongqing Institutes of Higher Education Key Forensic Science Laboratory, Criminal Investigation School, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, China.
Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2023;53(2):442-461. doi: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2111656. Epub 2022 Aug 31.
The blood fingerprint enhancement is not so eye-catching as latent fingerprint development in forensic community, but it is indeed an important piece of evidence for personal identification, forensic analysis and even reconstruction of crime scenes. In over past ten years, novel reagents, advanced materials and emerging techniques have growingly participated in blood fingerprint enhancement, which not only leads to a higher level of developing sensitivity, selectivity and contrast, but also endows blood impressions with more forensic significance. This review summarizes recent advances in conventional chemical reagents targeting at heme, protein and amino acid as well as emerging enhancement techniques based on advanced materials, new equipment or methods. Some critical issues in forensic science are also discussed, including partial blood fingerprint enhancement, false positive of developing reagents, the compatibility of blood enhancement technique and DNA, fingerprint age determination, and so on. Finally, we have proposed several urgent problems to be solved and the prospects of some promising techniques were proposed in the field of blood fingerprint enhancement in future work.
在法医学领域，血液指纹增强不像潜在指纹显现有那么引人注目，但它确实是个人识别、法医分析乃至犯罪现场重建的一项重要证据。在过去十年中，新型试剂、先进材料和新兴技术越来越多地参与到血液指纹增强中，这不仅使显影灵敏度、选择性和对比度达到了更高水平，还赋予了血痕更多的法医意义。本文综述了针对血红素、蛋白质和氨基酸的传统化学试剂以及基于先进材料、新设备或方法的新兴增强技术的最新进展。还讨论了法医学中的一些关键问题，包括部分血液指纹增强、显影试剂的假阳性、血液增强技术与DNA的兼容性、指纹年代测定等。最后，我们提出了几个亟待解决的问题，并对未来血液指纹增强领域一些有前景的技术的前景进行了展望。
