Orellana Ligia, Alarcón Tatiana, Schnettler Berta
Núcleo de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
Núcleo Científico Tecnológico en Biorecursos (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
Front Psychol. 2022 Aug 15;13:988054. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.988054. eCollection 2022.
Heteronormativity comprises essentialist, binary beliefs about sex and gender, and normative behaviors derived from those beliefs. There is scarce literature on how heteronormative attitudes and well-being variables are concurrent among individuals who are heterosexual or gay, lesbian, bisexual, and of other queer sexual identities (LGBQ). The objective of this study was to distinguish profiles of university students based on essentialism and normative behavior, two dimensions of heteronormativity, and to characterize these groups by sexual orientation and gender, perceived social support, physical and mental health, and life satisfaction. A sample of 552 university students in Temuco, Chile, responded to an online questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic questions, the Scale of Heteronormative Attitudes and Beliefs, the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Health-Related Quality of Life Index, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. We used Latent profile analysis to distinguish profiles based on significant score differences in Essentialism and Normative behavior. We identified four heteronormativity profiles: (34.85%), with a significant proportion of heterosexuals and men; (25.59%), comprising a significant proportion of students who were non-binary, and LGBQ; (20.42%), with a significant proportion students who were men or non-binary, and who were lesbian, gay or bisexual or preferred not to disclose their sexual orientation; and (19.14%), with a significant proportion of heterosexuals and women, and individuals who preferred not to disclose their sexual orientation. The four profiles differed in the proportions of students by faculty and area of residence (urban/rural), and by life satisfaction, self-perceived mental health, and perceived social support. These results show that patterns of association between heteronormativity and subjective well-being are heterogeneous among heterosexual and non-heterosexual individuals. Some of these patterns may respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has disrupted daily life and social dynamics. These findings expand our understanding of advantageous and disadvantageous conditions associated with maintaining heteronormativity attitudes, particularly among non-heterosexual individuals.
异性恋规范包含关于性和性别的本质主义二元信念，以及源自这些信念的规范行为。关于异性恋规范态度和幸福变量在异性恋者或男同性恋、女同性恋、双性恋及其他酷儿性取向身份（LGBQ）个体中如何并存的文献很少。本研究的目的是根据本质主义和规范行为这两个异性恋规范维度来区分大学生的类型，并通过性取向和性别、感知到的社会支持、身心健康以及生活满意度来描述这些群体的特征。智利特木科的552名大学生样本回答了一份在线问卷，该问卷包括社会人口学问题、异性恋规范态度和信念量表、生活满意度量表、健康相关生活质量指数以及感知社会支持多维量表。我们使用潜在剖面分析根据本质主义和规范行为的显著得分差异来区分类型。我们确定了四种异性恋规范类型：（34.85%），其中异性恋者和男性占很大比例；（25.59%），包括很大比例的非二元性别学生和LGBQ群体；（20.42%），其中男性或非二元性别学生占很大比例，他们是女同性恋、男同性恋或双性恋，或者不愿透露自己的性取向；（19.14%），其中异性恋者和女性占很大比例，以及不愿透露自己性取向的个体。这四种类型在不同学院和居住地区（城市/农村）的学生比例、生活满意度、自我感知的心理健康以及感知到的社会支持方面存在差异。这些结果表明，异性恋规范与主观幸福感之间的关联模式在异性恋和非异性恋个体中是异质的。其中一些模式可能与新冠疫情有关，疫情扰乱了日常生活和社会动态。这些发现扩展了我们对与维持异性恋规范态度相关的有利和不利条件的理解，特别是在非异性恋个体中。
