Wang Xin, Hu Weijiang
National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2022 Jul;51(4):650-655. doi: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2022.04.025.
To assess the risk of hearing loss caused by industrial noise exposure of welders and assemblers in a mechanical equipment manufacturing enterprise, and to explore the practical application and possible underestimation of ISO 1999∶2013(E) model.
A total of 829 noise-exposed male workers from a mechanical equipment manufacturing enterprise were selected as study subjects. The questionnaire survey was administered, and individual noise exposure level(L_(Aeq.8 h)) and hearing loss level were measured. The risk assessment method of ISO 1999∶2013(E) was used to calculate the change of hearing threshold level and the risk of noise-induced hearing loss. By comparing the median of permanent hearing threshold shift caused by actual noise with the median of ISO1999 predicted value, the reason of the difference between the predicted value of ISO 1999∶2013(E) model and the actual value was analyzed.
The L_(Aeq.8 h )was 89.5 dB(A), 77.4%(n=62)of the individual noise exposure levels exceeded 85 dB(A), and 24.6% of the participants(n=829) had different degrees of hearing loss. There was significant difference in hearing loss rate between welding and assembly positions(χ~2=10.07, P<0.01). The risk of noise-induced high-frequency hearing loss of 90% welders was 11.2% at the age of 50, and 14.0% at the age of 60. The risk of noise-induced deafness of 90% welders was 4.3% at the age of 60. The risk of high noise-induced frequency hearing loss of 90% assemblers was at the range of 4.0%-9.0% at the age of 40, 20.8% at the age of 50, and 22.5% at the age of 60. The risk of noise-induced deafness of 90% assemblers was at the range of 1.4%-6.4% at the age of 50, and 9.0% at the age of 60. Compared with actual median of permanent hearing threshold shift, ISO1999∶2013(E) predictions underestimated the median of permanent hearing threshold shift at 10.7 dB.
The noise hazards of welding and assembly positions in mechanical equipment manufacturing enterprises are high relatively. ISO1999∶2013(E) can be used to predict the risk of noise-induced hearing loss in workers, but attention should be paid to the risk underestimation of this model.
评估某机械设备制造企业中焊工和装配工因工业噪声暴露导致听力损失的风险，并探讨ISO 1999∶2013(E)模型的实际应用情况及可能存在的低估问题。
选取某机械设备制造企业829名噪声暴露男性工人作为研究对象。进行问卷调查，测量个体噪声暴露水平（L_(Aeq.8 h)）和听力损失水平。采用ISO 1999∶2013(E)风险评估方法计算听力阈值水平变化及噪声性听力损失风险。通过比较实际噪声导致的永久性听力阈值偏移中位数与ISO1999预测值中位数，分析ISO 1999∶2013(E)模型预测值与实际值存在差异的原因。
L_(Aeq.8 h)为89.5 dB(A)，77.4%（n = 62）的个体噪声暴露水平超过85 dB(A)，24.6%的参与者（n = 829）有不同程度的听力损失。焊接和装配岗位的听力损失率差异有统计学意义（χ~2 = 10.07，P < 0.01）。90%焊工在50岁时噪声性高频听力损失风险为11.2%，60岁时为14.0%。90%焊工在60岁时噪声性耳聋风险为4.3%。90%装配工在40岁时高噪声性高频听力损失风险在4.0% - 9.0%，50岁时为20.8%，60岁时为22.5%。90%装配工在50岁时噪声性耳聋风险在1.4% - 6.4%，60岁时为9.0%。与永久性听力阈值偏移实际中位数相比，ISO1999∶2013(E)预测低估永久性听力阈值偏移中位数10.7 dB。
机械设备制造企业中焊接和装配岗位的噪声危害相对较高。ISO1999∶2013(E)可用于预测工人噪声性听力损失风险，但应注意该模型存在风险低估问题。
