Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Faculty of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2022 Nov;181:104-111. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.08.010. Epub 2022 Aug 29.
The dual mechanisms of control (DMC) framework is important for portraying two temporally distinct modes of cognitive control. In parallel with this model, understanding emotion regulation (ER) from a dual-mechanism perspective becomes plausible since cognitive control is a crucial element of ER. The present study characterized reactive and proactive ER based on a dual mechanisms framework to identify their distinct temporal dynamics using electroencephalography (EEG) recordings. The reappraisal cue, compared with the watch-cue and no-cue conditions, evoked a larger fronto-central P3a magnitude, suggesting that participants could adaptively distribute their attention resources to prepare for strategy use. To track the cognitive effort that supports the ER process, we measured the frontal late positive potential (LPP). The results indicated that the reactive group, compared with the proactive group, used more effort to complete the reappraisal task when participants were subjected to decreased negative-emotional experiences to the same degree. Furthermore, decoding analysis showed that proactive ER starts earlier than reactive ER. These findings highlight the advantages of proactive ER. Further understanding of the modes of ER will help elucidate the control mechanisms underlying ER, which can then be applied to a variety of conditions, such as alcoholism, gambling, and drug addiction, to avert self-regulation failures caused by negative emotions.
双机制控制(DMC)框架对于描述认知控制的两种具有时间区分的模式非常重要。与该模型并行的是，从双机制的角度理解情绪调节(ER)变得合理，因为认知控制是 ER 的一个关键元素。本研究基于双机制框架描述了反应性和前瞻性 ER，使用脑电图(EEG)记录来识别它们不同的时间动态。与观察线索和无线索条件相比，再评价线索诱发了更大的额-中央 P3a 幅度，这表明参与者可以自适应地分配注意力资源为策略使用做准备。为了跟踪支持 ER 过程的认知努力，我们测量了额部晚期正电位（LPP）。结果表明，与前瞻性 ER 组相比，当参与者经历相同程度的负性情绪体验减少时，反应性 ER 组需要更多的努力来完成再评价任务。此外，解码分析表明，前瞻性 ER 比反应性 ER 开始得更早。这些发现突出了前瞻性 ER 的优势。进一步了解 ER 的模式将有助于阐明 ER 的控制机制，然后可以将其应用于各种情况，如酗酒、赌博和吸毒，以避免负面情绪引起的自我调节失败。
