Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst.
Department of Psychology, University of Denver.
Emotion. 2020 Feb;20(1):87-92. doi: 10.1037/emo0000664.
Emotion regulation (ER) relies on cognitive processing, but the foundational control mechanisms involved remain unclear. The process model of ER posits that different strategies occur at different points in time, with antecedent strategies occurring relatively early and response-focused strategies later in the affective time course. In parallel with this model, the dual mechanisms of control (DMC) theoretical framework proposes that cognitive control operates via 2 temporally distinct modes: anticipatory preparation to exert control (proactive control) and momentary cognitive engagement as the need arises (reactive control). However, empirical investigations of the role of proactive and reactive control in ER have been limited. In this article, we examine how ER processes can be characterized within the DMC framework, integrating these 2 theoretical perspectives. We first posit that any ER strategy may take place either prior or subsequent to onset of an emotional stimulus, depending on whether it is proactively or reactively enacted. Then, using reappraisal as an example, we discuss ER strategy use via both control modes. We further assert that proactive ER can be implemented in a global- or stimulus-dependent fashion and discuss how this implementation may affect the time course and cognitive load of ER strategies. We conclude by discussing how controlling for timing in future research may clarify how populations with reduced cognitive control may demonstrate intact ER (i.e., through greater reliance on reactive and/or global strategies) and how incorporation of the DMC perspective may inform ER interventions for clinical populations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
情绪调节（ER）依赖于认知加工，但涉及的基础控制机制仍不清楚。ER 的过程模型假设不同的策略在不同的时间点发生，前导策略发生得相对较早，而反应焦点策略则在情感时间进程中较晚发生。与该模型并行的是，控制的双重机制（DMC）理论框架提出，认知控制通过 2 种时间上不同的模式发挥作用：对施加控制的预期准备（主动控制）和根据需要进行的即时认知参与（反应控制）。然而，对 ER 中主动和反应控制作用的实证研究一直很有限。在本文中，我们考察了如何在 DMC 框架内描述 ER 过程，整合这两种理论观点。我们首先假设，任何 ER 策略都可以在情绪刺激开始之前或之后发生，具体取决于它是主动实施还是反应实施。然后，我们以重新评价为例，通过两种控制模式讨论 ER 策略的使用。我们进一步断言，主动 ER 可以以全局或刺激依赖的方式实施，并讨论这种实施方式如何影响 ER 策略的时间进程和认知负荷。最后，我们讨论了在未来研究中如何控制时间，以澄清认知控制能力降低的人群如何表现出完整的 ER（即，通过更多地依赖反应和/或全局策略），以及如何将 DMC 视角纳入临床人群的 ER 干预措施。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2020 APA，保留所有权利）。
