Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Dec 10;851(Pt 2):158369. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158369. Epub 2022 Aug 29.
The changes in the aquatic environmental conditions often influence the microbial community assemblages and genome repertoire. Studies investigating the aquatic diversity and ecosystem services were primarily conducted in horizontal environments while neglecting the microbial phylogenetic divergences, biotrophic interactions, and eco-sustainability at water vertical layers. We investigated the mechanisms of microbial transitions, and the ecological significance of water depth layers in the estuary and marine ecosystems. The results demonstrated that the salinity and turbidity increased with increasing water depth (0-50 m), while temperature and pH decreased significantly. The bacterial and eukaryotic diversity and composition significantly increased with an elevating water depth. Bacterial phyla such as Desulfobacterota, Acidobacteriota, Myxococcota, Gemmatimonadota, Campilobacterota, and Latescibacterota were increased significantly. However, niche preference occurred, and some microbes showed differential nestedness at water vertical layers. In the eukaryotic community, Eustigmatales group were the only clades predominantly phylogenetically nested at the surface water depth. c_Conoidasida, o_Gregarinasina, f_Eugregarinorida, and g_Lankesteria were the most predominant at the middle depth. While Mediophyceae clades, p_SAR, and the Animalia clades were the most predominant groups nested at the bottom depths. The microbial interaction, structure, and stability were increased with increasing depth. The vertical phylogenetic turnover of the microbial community was related to the feeding mechanisms. Phototrophic organisms were particularly adapted at the surface, and middle depth by parasitic and pathogenic organisms, while the bottom was inhabited by diatoms, decomposers, and detritus protists. This study demonstrated that the bottom depth was the most ecologically stable area with more profound ecosystem services.
水生态环境的变化通常会影响微生物群落组合和基因组库。研究水生生物多样性和生态系统服务的主要方法是在水平环境中进行，而忽略了微生物系统发育分歧、生物营养相互作用和水垂直层的生态可持续性。我们调查了微生物转变的机制，以及河口和海洋生态系统中水深层的生态意义。结果表明，盐度和浊度随水深（0-50 米）的增加而增加，而温度和 pH 值显著下降。随着水深的升高，细菌和真核生物的多样性和组成显著增加。细菌门如脱硫杆菌门、酸杆菌门、粘球菌门、Gemmatimonadota 门、Campilobacterota 门和 Latescibacterota 门的丰度显著增加。然而，发生了生态位偏好，一些微生物在水垂直层表现出不同的嵌套性。在真核生物群落中，Eustigmatales 组是唯一在表层水深度表现出主要系统发育嵌套的类群。c_Conoidasida、o_Gregarinasina、f_Eugregarinorida 和 g_Lankesteria 是中层水深度最主要的类群。而 Mediophyceae 类群、p_SAR 和动物类群是底层深度最主要的嵌套类群。微生物相互作用、结构和稳定性随深度增加而增加。微生物群落的垂直系统发育周转率与摄食机制有关。光养生物特别适应于表层和中层，而中层和中层由寄生和致病生物适应，而底层则由硅藻、分解者和碎屑原生动物居住。本研究表明，底层是生态最稳定的区域，具有更深远的生态系统服务功能。
