Brien J F, Clarke D W, Smith G N, Richardson B, Patrick J
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987 Jul;157(1):204-11. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(87)80381-2.
The disposition of ethanol and its proximate metabolite, acetaldehyde, was determined in seven conscious instrumented pregnant ewes (127 to 132 days of gestation; term, 147 days) for intravenous infusion of four dosages of 0.5 gm ethanol/kg maternal body weight, administered over 5 hours to the mother. The maternal and fetal blood had ethanol concentrations that were maximal at 5 hours and were virtually identical during the 24-hour study. There was delayed transfer of ethanol into the amniotic and allantoic fluids during the dosing period, followed by higher ethanol concentrations in these fluids during the elimination phase compared with fetal blood. The ethanol elimination rate was similar for the four biologic fluids. Acetaldehyde concentrations in the four fluids were a thousandfold less than the respective ethanol concentrations. The maternal blood acetaldehyde concentration was greater than that in fetal blood. The data indicate that for a binge-type drinking episode during near-term pregnancy, there is unimpeded bidirectional placental transfer of ethanol between the mother and the fetus; the amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus is a reservoir for ethanol in utero; elimination of ethanol from the maternal-fetal unit is regulated by maternal hepatic biotransformation of ethanol; and there is appreciable acetaldehyde-oxidizing capacity in the maternal liver and at extrahepatic sites.
在七只清醒且装有仪器的妊娠母羊（妊娠127至132天；足月为147天）中，测定了乙醇及其直接代谢产物乙醛的处置情况。给母羊静脉输注四种剂量（0.5克乙醇/千克母体体重）的乙醇，在5小时内给药完毕。母体和胎儿血液中的乙醇浓度在5小时时达到最高，并且在24小时的研究期间几乎相同。在给药期间，乙醇向羊水和尿囊液的转移有所延迟，随后在消除阶段，这些液体中的乙醇浓度高于胎儿血液中的乙醇浓度。四种生物流体的乙醇消除率相似。四种流体中的乙醛浓度比各自的乙醇浓度低一千倍。母体血液中的乙醛浓度高于胎儿血液中的乙醛浓度。数据表明，对于妊娠晚期的一次暴饮型饮酒事件，乙醇在母体和胎儿之间可不受阻碍地进行双向胎盘转运；胎儿周围的羊水是子宫内乙醇的储存库；乙醇从母胎单位的消除受母体肝脏对乙醇的生物转化调节；并且母体肝脏和肝外部位具有相当可观的乙醛氧化能力。
