Brien J F, Loomis C W, Tranmer J, McGrath M
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1983 May 15;146(2):181-6. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(83)91050-5.
The disposition of ethanol and acetaldehyde in maternal venous blood and amniotic fluid was studied over 3.5 hours following the ingestion of 0.3 gm/kg of ethanol by six healthy pregnant women at 16 to 18 weeks' gestation. There was a time lag in the appearance of ethanol in amniotic fluid compared with its appearance in maternal venous blood. The maximum maternal venous blood ethanol concentration was twice the maximum amniotic fluid ethanol concentration and occurred at an earlier time. At 3.5 hours, ethanol was present in amniotic fluid, whereas there was virtually no measurable ethanol in maternal venous blood. The rate of ethanol elimination from amniotic fluid was about half the elimination rate from maternal venous blood. Acetaldehyde was present in the maternal venous blood of four subjects, and the maximum acetaldehyde concentration occurred at about the same time as the maximum maternal venous blood ethanol concentration. Acetaldehyde was found in the amniotic fluid of one of these four subjects, and the acetaldehyde concentration was greater in amniotic fluid than in maternal venous blood. It is proposed that the amniotic fluid may act as a reservoir for ethanol following maternal ingestion such that the fetus would be exposed to ethanol for a longer time period than would be predicted by the maternal venous blood ethanol concentration.
对6名妊娠16至18周的健康孕妇摄入0.3克/千克乙醇后3.5小时内母体静脉血和羊水中乙醇及乙醛的分布情况进行了研究。与乙醇在母体静脉血中出现的情况相比，其在羊水中出现存在时间滞后。母体静脉血中乙醇的最大浓度是羊水乙醇最大浓度的两倍，且出现时间更早。在3.5小时时，羊水中存在乙醇，而母体静脉血中几乎没有可测量的乙醇。乙醇从羊水中的消除速率约为从母体静脉血中消除速率的一半。4名受试者的母体静脉血中存在乙醛，最大乙醛浓度与母体静脉血乙醇最大浓度出现时间大致相同。在这4名受试者中的1名的羊水中发现了乙醛，且羊水中的乙醛浓度高于母体静脉血中的乙醛浓度。有人提出，母体摄入乙醇后，羊水可能充当乙醇的储存库，这样胎儿接触乙醇的时间会比根据母体静脉血乙醇浓度预测的时间更长。
