Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico.
Curr Urol Rep. 2022 Oct;23(10):235-244. doi: 10.1007/s11934-022-01108-7. Epub 2022 Sep 2.
Greater availability of sequencing methods has broadened the knowledge of the urinary microbiome in an environment previously believed to be sterile. This review discusses internal and external influences that promote either a balance or a dysbiosis of the urinary tract and the future perspectives in understanding lower urinary tract infections.
Efforts have been made to identify a "core" urinary microbiome in which Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes account for most of the bacterial representations. A shift to a Proteobacteria-dominant representation shapes the fingerprint of the infectious urinary microbiome; furthermore, the virome and the mycobiome are important modulators of the urinary microbiome, which have been recently explored to determine their role in the health-disease process of the lower urinary tract. A disturbance of bacterial representation and diversity triggers a transition from health to disease; conversely, a functional cooperative interplay between the host and microbiome allows for basic metabolic and immune functions to take place.
测序方法的广泛应用拓宽了人们对先前被认为无菌的尿液微生物组的认识。本综述讨论了促进尿道平衡或失调的内部和外部影响，以及未来理解下尿路感染的前景。
人们已经努力确定了一个“核心”尿液微生物组，其中厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门占大多数细菌的代表。向以变形菌门为主的代表形式的转变塑造了传染性尿液微生物组的特征指纹；此外，病毒组和真菌组是尿液微生物组的重要调节剂，最近已经对其进行了探索，以确定它们在下尿路健康-疾病过程中的作用。细菌代表和多样性的紊乱会引发从健康到疾病的转变；相反，宿主和微生物组之间的功能协同相互作用可以使基本的代谢和免疫功能得以进行。
