Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Biometals. 2022 Dec;35(6):1169-1186. doi: 10.1007/s10534-022-00433-1. Epub 2022 Sep 2.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the concentrations of some essential and toxic elements (including Ca, K, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Co, Mo, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Cd) in Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. (endemic Iranian herb) from 14 different regions by ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry) method followed by multivariate statistical analyses. The analytical performances were assessed as the limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), precision, and accuracy. Multivariate analysis (CA, PCA and HCA) showed the elemental distribution in the roots were higher than the shoots and significant element was Ca between regions. Three principal components (PCs) explained 77.94% of the total variance. They were as follows: PC1 with Cu, Zn, K, Cr, Ni, and Mn; PC2 with Na, Ca, Pb, and Fe; and PC3 with Mg. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated four groups of Z. clinopodioides samples from the 14 regions based on their trace and toxic element levels. These chemometric approaches with multivariate analysis enable researchers to understand and quantify the relationship between the variables in a data set, and the analysis considers more than one factor. The concentrations of Cu, Na, Mn, Zn, and Pb in most Z. clinopodioides samples were below the WHO (world health organization) limit for herbal medicines (10, 51,340, 200, 50, and 10 µg g respectively), while Fe and Ca levels were higher than allowed (15 and 614 µg g respectively). However, the WHO limit for Mg, K, Co, and Mo in medicinal plants has not yet been determined. The results of this study confirmed that different parts of Z. clinopodioides can be used as an important source for human nutrition due to its essential mineral elements.
本研究旨在通过电感耦合等离子体-光学发射光谱法（ICP-OES）评估来自伊朗 14 个不同地区的香青兰（Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam.）中一些必需和有毒元素（包括 Ca、K、Mg、Na、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn、Co、Mo、Pb、Ni、Cr 和 Cd）的浓度，并进行多元统计分析。通过评估检出限（LOD）、定量限（LOQ）、精密度和准确度来评估分析性能。多元分析（CA、PCA 和 HCA）显示，根部元素分布高于地上部分，且各地区间显著元素为 Ca。三个主成分（PC）解释了总方差的 77.94%。它们分别为：PC1 包含 Cu、Zn、K、Cr、Ni 和 Mn；PC2 包含 Na、Ca、Pb 和 Fe；PC3 包含 Mg。层次聚类分析根据痕量和有毒元素水平将来自 14 个地区的 14 组香青兰样本分为四组。这些基于多元分析的化学计量方法使研究人员能够理解和量化数据集变量之间的关系，并且分析考虑了多个因素。大多数香青兰样本中的 Cu、Na、Mn、Zn 和 Pb 浓度均低于世界卫生组织（WHO）草药限量（分别为 10、51、340、200、50 和 10μg/g），而 Fe 和 Ca 水平高于允许值（分别为 15 和 614μg/g）。然而，WHO 尚未为药用植物中的 Mg、K、Co 和 Mo 设定限量。本研究结果证实，由于香青兰含有必需的矿物质元素，其不同部位可作为人类营养的重要来源。
