Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan.
Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan.
Mol Plant. 2020 Jun 1;13(6):825-835. doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.007. Epub 2020 May 17.
Both plants and humans require mineral elements for their healthy growth and development. Mineral elements in the soil are taken up by the plant roots and transported to the edible parts for human consumption through various different transporters. An ideal future crop for human health should be rich in essential mineral elements but with less toxic elements in the edible parts. However, due to the great difference in the numbers and amounts of mineral elements required between plants and humans, it is a challenge to balance plant growth and nutrient requirement for humans. In this article, we mainly focus on the transport system of mineral elements from soil to grain in rice, a staple food for half of the world's population, and discuss recent progress on the underlying genetic and physiological mechanisms. Examples are given for silicon, zinc, and iron essential/beneficial for both plants and humans, selenium and iodine only essential for humans, and toxic cadmium and arsenic for all organisms. Manipulation of some transporters for these elements, especially those localized in the node for allocation of mineral elements to the grain, has been successful in generating rice with higher density and bioavailability of essential elements but with less accumulation of toxic elements. We provide our perspectives toward breeding future crops for human health.
植物和人类的健康生长和发育都需要矿物质元素。土壤中的矿物质元素被植物根系吸收，并通过各种不同的转运体运输到可食用部分供人类食用。对于人类健康来说，一种理想的未来作物应该在可食用部分含有丰富的必需矿物质元素，但同时含有较少的有毒元素。然而，由于植物和人类所需矿物质元素的数量和种类存在巨大差异，因此平衡植物生长和人类营养需求是一项挑战。在本文中，我们主要关注水稻（世界上一半人口的主食）从土壤到谷物中矿物质元素的运输系统，并讨论了其潜在遗传和生理机制的最新进展。文中给出了硅、锌、铁对植物和人类都必需/有益，硒和碘对人类必需，以及镉和砷对所有生物都有毒的例子。对这些元素的一些转运体的操作，特别是那些定位于将矿物质元素分配到谷物的节点的转运体的操作，已经成功地培育出了密度更高、必需元素生物利用率更高、但有毒元素积累更少的水稻。我们提供了对培育未来人类健康作物的观点。
