Department of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Microsc Res Tech. 2022 Dec;85(12):3736-3754. doi: 10.1002/jemt.24224. Epub 2022 Aug 22.
The present study was intended to evaluate the pharmacognostic attributes including macroscopy, microscopy, physico-chemical and phytochemical screening of the aerial part of Xanthium spinosum, belonging to family Asteraceae. Morphologically, the leaf was covered with sparsely scattered non-glandular, multicellular hair on adaxial surface, while abaxial surface was reported with dense silvery furs. Leaf showed lamphystomatic nature bearing anomocytic stomata. Various other leaf constant values like vein islets number, vein termination number and palisade cell ratio were also observed and recorded as 4.36 ± 0.5, 3.36 ± 0.5, and 11.82 ± 2.04, respectively. Cross section of the stem showed typical dicot anatomy differentiated into a single epidermal layer followed by few rows of collenchyma cells, thin-walled parenchyma cells followed by closed and collateral vascular bundles having prephloemic sheaths and a central pith. Light and scanning electron microscopy of the powdered drug revealed a variety of tissues and cells fragments having different measurements. Fluorescence analysis of the fine powder treated with different reagents revealed a variety of colors implying as a sign for the presence of various biochemical constituents. Highest and lowest percent extractive value was found in methanol and distilled water which were 29.10% and 9.80%, respectively. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites like flavonoids, phenols, tannins, glycosides, phytosterols, glycosides, saponins, and coumarins, while quantitative phytochemical screening detected maximum quantity of flavonoids in chloroform followed by methanol and ethyl acetate. The aforementioned studies have been reported first time for the said species, which may be helpful for the standardization of the current taxon.
本研究旨在评估属于菊科的苍耳属植物的地上部分的生药学属性，包括宏观、微观、物理化学和植物化学筛选。形态上，叶片的腹面覆盖有稀疏分散的非腺毛、多细胞毛，而背面则有密集的银色绒毛。叶片显示出 Lamphystomatic 性质，具有异型气孔。还观察和记录了其他各种叶片常数值，如叶脉小岛数、叶脉末端数和栅栏细胞比，分别为 4.36±0.5、3.36±0.5 和 11.82±2.04。茎的横切面显示出典型的双子叶解剖结构，分化为单个表皮层，随后是几排厚角细胞、薄壁组织细胞，然后是封闭的和侧生的维管束，具有前韧皮鞘和中央髓。粉末药物的光镜和扫描电子显微镜显示出具有不同测量值的各种组织和细胞碎片。用不同试剂处理的细粉的荧光分析显示出各种颜色，暗示存在各种生化成分。甲醇和蒸馏水的最高和最低浸出物含量分别为 29.10%和 9.80%。定性植物化学筛选显示存在各种次生代谢产物，如类黄酮、酚类、单宁、糖苷、植物甾醇、糖苷、皂苷和香豆素，而定量植物化学筛选则在氯仿中检测到最大量的类黄酮，其次是甲醇和乙酸乙酯。上述研究首次报道了该物种的这些特性，这可能有助于当前分类群的标准化。
