Polymer Research Centre and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246 Nadia, West Bengal, India.
Department of Chemistry, Raghunathpur College, Raghunathpur, 723133 Purulia, West Bengal, India.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2022 Oct 10;8(10):4207-4229. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00656. Epub 2022 Sep 2.
At high concentration or in the aggregated state, most of the traditional luminophores suffer from the general aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect, which significantly limits their biomedical applications. On the contrary, a few fluorophores exhibit an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature which is just the opposite of ACQ. The luminophores with aggregation-induced emission (AIEgens) have exhibited noteworthy advantages to get tunable emission, excellent photostability, and biocompatibility. Incorporating AIEgens into polymer design has yielded diversified polymer systems with fascinating photophysical characteristics. Again, stimuli-responsive polymers are capable of undergoing chemical and/or physical property changes on receiving signals from single or multiple stimuli. The combination of the AIE property and stimuli responses in a single polymer platform provides a feasible and effective strategy for the development of smart polymers with promising biomedical applications. Herein, the advancements in stimuli-responsive polymers with AIE characteristics for biomedical applications are summarized. AIE-active polymers are first categorized into conventional π-π conjugated and nonconventional fluorophore systems and then subdivided based on various stimuli, such as pH, redox, enzyme, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and temperature. In each section, the design strategies of the smart polymers and their biomedical applications, including bioimaging, cancer theranostics, gene delivery, and antimicrobial examples, are introduced. The current challenges and future perspectives of this field are also stated at the end of this review article.
在高浓度或聚集状态下，大多数传统荧光团都受到普遍的聚集猝灭（ACQ）效应的限制，这极大地限制了它们在生物医学中的应用。相比之下，有一些荧光团表现出聚集诱导发射（AIE）特性，这与 ACQ 相反。具有聚集诱导发射（AIEgen）的荧光团具有可调节发射、优异的光稳定性和生物相容性等显著优势。将 AIEgen 引入聚合物设计中，产生了具有迷人光物理特性的多样化聚合物体系。此外，刺激响应聚合物能够在接收到来自单个或多个刺激的信号时发生化学和/或物理性质的变化。在单个聚合物平台上将 AIE 性质和刺激响应结合在一起，为开发具有有前途的生物医学应用的智能聚合物提供了一种可行且有效的策略。本文总结了具有 AIE 特性的刺激响应聚合物在生物医学中的应用进展。首先，将 AIE 活性聚合物分为传统的π-π共轭和非传统的荧光团系统，然后根据各种刺激（如 pH 值、氧化还原、酶、活性氧物种 (ROS) 和温度）进行细分。在每个部分中，介绍了智能聚合物的设计策略及其生物医学应用，包括生物成像、癌症治疗、基因传递和抗菌实例。最后，还说明了该领域的当前挑战和未来展望。
