Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Oct 15;320:115817. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115817. Epub 2022 Aug 11.
Past water distribution systems (WDS) management studies derived operation protocols to maximize WDS reliability by using residual chlorine as the sole surrogate parameter for water quality reliability. Albeit the advancement in mechanistic modeling to examine the WDS water quality, emerging water quality parameters of concern are not yet involved in solving WDS management problems. This paper attempts to overcome this limitation by developing a flexible decision-making framework -integrating EPANET-C, a mechanistic modeling tool for WDS water quality, with Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a multi-criteria decision-making method - to rank the possible water quality parameter-based operating alternatives (organic matter and residual chlorine levels at the source points) for WDS. The uncertainty analysis was incorporated into the mechanistic modeling using the Monte Carlo method to realize insufficient knowledge about the complex biological and physicochemical interactions inside WDS. Six cases, each ranking the alternatives diversely, were applied to reflect the expert judgment impressions on the AHP outcomes. The consistency of the proposed decision-making framework was verified by deriving the operation protocol for two test networks by making trade-offs between the multiple and conflicting microbiological, chemical, and organoleptic quality criteria. The disinfection by-products formation control and taste and odor problems control emerged as the most critical water quality criteria determining the WDS performance under the operating alternatives examined. Altogether, the obtained results suggested the practicality of adopting a flexible operation protocol to maintain the water quality benchmarks over various plausible WDS performance scenarios, ranging from worst to best.
过去的供水管网 (WDS) 管理研究通过使用余氯作为水质可靠性的唯一替代参数，得出了操作方案以最大限度地提高 WDS 的可靠性。尽管在考察 WDS 水质的机制模型方面取得了进展，但新兴的关注水质参数尚未被纳入解决 WDS 管理问题的方案中。本文试图通过开发一个灵活的决策框架来克服这一限制，该框架将 EPANET-C（一种用于 WDS 水质的机制模型工具）与层次分析法 (AHP) 相结合，AHP 是一种多准则决策方法，用于对 WDS 的可能基于水质参数的操作替代方案（源头处的有机物和余氯水平）进行排序。不确定性分析通过使用蒙特卡罗方法纳入到机制模型中，以实现对 WDS 内部复杂的生物和物理化学相互作用的知识不足。应用了六个案例，每个案例都对替代方案进行了不同的排序，以反映专家对 AHP 结果的判断印象。通过在多个和相互冲突的微生物学、化学和感官质量标准之间进行权衡，为两个测试网络导出操作方案，验证了所提出的决策框架的一致性。消毒副产物形成控制和味道与气味问题控制成为决定在所检查的操作替代方案下 WDS 性能的最重要的水质标准。总的来说，所获得的结果表明，采用灵活的操作方案来维持各种可能的 WDS 性能场景（从最差到最好）的水质基准是切实可行的。
