Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
US Environmental Protection Agency, TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
J Appl Microbiol. 2022 Dec;133(6):3659-3668. doi: 10.1111/jam.15802. Epub 2022 Sep 13.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate decontamination efficacy, within three soil types, against Yersinia pestis, Burkholderia pseudomallei, and the Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus (VEEV).
One of three liquid disinfectants (dilute bleach, Virkon-S or Klozur One) was added to three soil types (sand, loam, or clay) and allowed contact for four pre-spike durations: 0, 15, 30 and 60 min. Y. pestis, B. pseudomallei, or VEEV was then spiked into the soil (10 microliters or approx. 1 × 10 CFU or PFU into 1 g soil) and decontamination efficacy assessed at post-spike contact times of 10 or 60 min at ambient environmental conditions. Across all soil types, sandy soil resulted in the least quenching to all three disinfectants tested as shown by sustained decontamination efficacy across all pre-spike and post-spike timepoints. Clay and loam soil types exhibited quenching effects on the hypochlorite and peroxygen based disinfectants (dilute bleach and Virkon S) and in general resulted in decreased efficacy with increased pre-spike contact time. The sodium persulfate (Klozur One) performance was the most consistent across all soil types and pre-spike contact times, resulting in greater efficacy with increased post-spike time.
Liquid disinfectants can provide high levels of decontamination in soil for both viral and non-spore-forming bacterial select agents. Hypochlorite and peroxygen based disinfectants used in soils containing higher organic content (loam or clay) may require extended contact times or re-application of liquid disinfectant, in as little as 15 min of application, to achieve a 6-log reduction.
These results provide information for the performance of three disinfectants in soil against non-spore-forming select agents. These data may aid response decision makers following a biological contamination incident by informing the selection of disinfectant as well as the re-application time to achieve effective site remediation.
本研究旨在评估三种土壤类型中针对鼠疫耶尔森菌、鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌和委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒（VEEV）的去污效果。
将三种液体消毒剂（稀漂白剂、Virkon-S 或 Klozur One）中的一种加入三种土壤类型（沙、壤土或粘土）中，并在预喷前接触 0、15、30 和 60 分钟。然后将鼠疫耶尔森菌、鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌或 VEEV 接种到土壤中（10 微升或约 1×10 CFU 或 PFU 到 1 克土壤），在环境条件下，在 10 分钟或 60 分钟的喷后接触时间评估去污效果。在所有土壤类型中，沙土对所有三种测试消毒剂的抑制作用最小，所有预喷和喷后时间点的去污效果均持续。粘土和壤土土壤类型对次氯酸盐和过氧基础消毒剂（稀漂白剂和 Virkon S）表现出抑制作用，并且通常随着预喷接触时间的增加，去污效果降低。过硫酸钠（Klozur One）在所有土壤类型和预喷接触时间下的性能最为一致，随着喷后时间的增加，其效果更大。
液体消毒剂可对含有非孢子形成细菌选择剂的土壤提供高水平的去污效果。在含有较高有机物（壤土或粘土）的土壤中使用的次氯酸盐和过氧基础消毒剂可能需要延长接触时间或重新应用液体消毒剂，在 15 分钟的应用中至少重新应用一次，以实现 6 对数减少。
这些结果提供了三种消毒剂在土壤中针对非孢子形成选择剂的性能信息。这些数据可能有助于在发生生物污染事件后为决策制定者提供信息，选择消毒剂以及重新应用时间以实现有效现场修复。
