Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Goergia, USA.
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2023 Jun;36(3):1079-1089. doi: 10.1111/jhn.13085. Epub 2022 Sep 16.
Differences in metabolic responses between diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) could affect energy balance and weight maintenance. The present study was a secondary analysis to investigate 8-week diet interventions rich in either PUFA (cottonseed oil [CSO]) or MUFA (olive oil [OO]) on metabolic responses in adults with dyslipidaemia.
Forty-one adults with dyslipidaemia completed this randomised trial consisting of an 8-week partial-outpatient feeding trial. Provided foods accounted for about 60% of their daily energy needs, with about 30% of energy needs provided by CSO (n = 20) or OO (n = 21). At pre- and postdiet intervention visits, participants consumed a high saturated fatty acid (SFA) meal (35% daily energy needs, 47.9% from SFA), and fasting and 3.5-h postprandial indirect calorimetry were used to measure energy expenditure (EE) and substrate oxidation.
No changes were observed in fasting measures. The OO group had greater increases in postprandial EE (p = 0.002); however, there were no differences in substrate oxidation between groups. A lack of metabolic flexibility was found in both groups, which was partially explained by changes in insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance).
The results of the present study show that OO, but not CSO, diet enrichment improves EE after an occasional high SFA meal, which may improve weight maintenance over time. This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04397055).
富含单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的饮食之间代谢反应的差异可能会影响能量平衡和体重维持。本研究是一项二次分析，旨在调查富含多不饱和脂肪酸（棉籽油[CSO]）或单不饱和脂肪酸（橄榄油[OO]）的 8 周饮食干预对血脂异常成年人代谢反应的影响。
41 名血脂异常成年人完成了这项随机试验，包括 8 周的部分门诊喂养试验。提供的食物占他们每天能量需求的约 60%，其中约 30%的能量需求由 CSO（n=20）或 OO（n=21）提供。在饮食干预前后的访问中，参与者食用了高饱和脂肪酸（SFA）餐（占每日能量需求的 35%，47.9%来自 SFA），并进行了空腹和 3.5 小时餐后间接测热法，以测量能量消耗（EE）和底物氧化。
空腹测量没有变化。OO 组餐后 EE 增加更大（p=0.002）；然而，两组之间的底物氧化没有差异。两组均发现代谢灵活性不足，部分原因是胰岛素敏感性的变化（稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗）。
本研究的结果表明，OO 饮食富集，而不是 CSO，可改善偶尔摄入高 SFA 餐后的 EE，这可能随着时间的推移改善体重维持。这项研究在 clinicaltrials.gov 注册（NCT04397055）。
