Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht Ave., Tabriz, Iran.
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
BMC Psychol. 2022 Sep 3;10(1):212. doi: 10.1186/s40359-022-00918-1.
Parents' cognition about the type and nature of consequences a disaster may pose on the children's psychosocial health, could be a major protective factor against the long-term overwhelming complications. Given the lack of a reliable instrument to measure parents' cognition about disasters' effects on children's well-being, this study was conducted to develop and validate the parents' cognitive perception inventory of disaster effects on children's well-being (PCP-DCWB).
In this cross-sectional study 300 parents of the survived primary school aged children from the Iran's northwest earthquake on August 2012 were recruited in the city of Varzegan. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was applied to identify the subcomponents and Cronbach's alpha and Guttmann Split-half coefficients were calculated to assess the internal consistency reliability of the scale.
Structural indicators of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure (0.69) and Bartlett's test of Sphericity (P < 0.001, df = 153, X = 618.35) verified interpretability of the EFA output. Applying principal component analysis and direct oblimin rotation in the EFA four latent factors were identified (i.e., perception about child overall mental health, coping with trauma's long-term effects, children or parents' continuing memory of past disaster and perception about behavioral and educational problems) which explained 49.32% of the total variance. The estimated Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability coefficients (0.71 and 0.52 respectively) supported good internal consistency of the instrument.
The study findings revealed sound psychometric attributes of the PCP-DCWB to be applied in assessment of parents' cognition about psychological impacts of a traumatic event on the survived children. The instrument application can shed light on level of pre-disaster preparations in local, national and international scales and help effectiveness assessment of interventions that target maintenance of psycho-social well-being among disaster-affected survivors over time.
父母对灾难可能对儿童心理社会健康造成的类型和性质的认知，可能是预防长期压倒性并发症的主要保护因素。鉴于缺乏可靠的工具来衡量父母对灾难对儿童福祉影响的认知，因此进行了这项研究，以开发和验证父母对灾难对儿童福祉影响的认知感知量表（PCP-DCWB）。
在这项横断面研究中，我们招募了 2012 年 8 月伊朗西北部地震中幸存的小学生的 300 名家长。采用探索性因素分析（EFA）来确定子成分，计算克朗巴赫的阿尔法系数和古特曼分半系数来评估量表的内部一致性信度。
Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin 度量的结构指标（0.69）和 Bartlett 的球形检验（P < 0.001，df = 153，X = 618.35）验证了 EFA 输出的可解释性。在 EFA 中应用主成分分析和直接 Oblimin 旋转，确定了四个潜在因素（即儿童整体心理健康的感知、应对创伤长期影响、儿童或父母对过去灾难的持续记忆以及对行为和教育问题的感知），这四个因素解释了总方差的 49.32%。估计的克朗巴赫的 alpha 和分半可靠性系数（分别为 0.71 和 0.52）支持了该工具的良好内部一致性。
研究结果表明，PCP-DCWB 具有良好的心理计量学属性，可用于评估父母对创伤事件对幸存儿童心理影响的认知。该工具的应用可以揭示地方、国家和国际各级灾难前准备的水平，并有助于评估随着时间的推移针对受灾幸存者维持心理社会福祉的干预措施的效果。
