Critical role of mA modification in T-helper cell disorders.

Diseases with T-helper cell subset imbalance involve multiple systems and organs. In addition to this, the pathogenesis of these diseases is always complex, and involves Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, and Tfh cells. T-helper cell subset imbalance mediates immune responses to various pathogenic factors, by secreting specific cytokines. Although several studies have revealed the specific mechanisms of the occurrence and development of these diseases from different aspects, there is still a need for more comprehensive and in-depth studies that can compensate for the corresponding gaps in the diagnosis, targeted therapy, and prognosis of these diseases. N6-methyladenosine(mA) modification is the most prevalent and abundant post-transcriptional modification in eukaryotic RNAs. In recent years, the critical role of mA modification has been confirmed in multiple diseases with T-helper cell subset imbalance. mA modification affects the immune cell development, inflammatory processes, biological behaviour of tumours, and immune response in these diseases. In this review, we focussed on how the enzymes involved in mA modification, directly or indirectly, influence the pathogenesis and phenotype of various diseases with T-helper cell subset imbalance, and could therefore, serve as potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for these diseases. In addition, this review also discusses the focus of future research in this area. Finally, we summarise the prospects of mA modification in immunotherapy and chemotherapy.