Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia.
Bull Exp Biol Med. 2022 Aug;173(4):399-408. doi: 10.1007/s10517-022-05557-5. Epub 2022 Sep 5.
Analysis of the microstructure of sleep using extended EEG monitoring can provide deep understanding of the neuronal activity of the brain. Sleep spindles (SS) are one of the main EEG patterns occurring during the non-rapid eye movement sleep. SS reflect the process of synchronization and provide sleep initiation and maintenance by suppressing sensory information. SS are associated with a wide range of brain functions, such as memory and neuroplasticity, general intelligence and cognitive performance, which undergo various changes throughout the life. In this review we discuss the features of the formation and regression of SS in humans during ontogeny on the basis of published data of the last 5-6 years and fundamental results of previous studies at the Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems that formed the basis of the modern study of neurophysiological phenomena of the wakefulness and sleep. The search for diagnostic patterns and prognostic markers of the pathology of higher nervous activity remains a priority in fundamental studies and medical practice. Modern methods for studying sleep and its EEG patterns are the next step in understanding the neurophysiological aspects of the sleep-wake cycle. This will open prospects for predicting postnatal maturation, understanding the mechanisms of brain neuroplasticity in the "sleep-wakefulness" continuum, which is one of the tasks of modern somnology and neurophysiology.
使用扩展 EEG 监测分析睡眠的微观结构可以深入了解大脑的神经元活动。睡眠纺锤波（SS）是非快速眼动睡眠期间发生的主要 EEG 模式之一。SS 反映了同步过程，并通过抑制感觉信息来提供睡眠的启动和维持。SS 与广泛的大脑功能相关，例如记忆和神经可塑性、一般智力和认知表现，这些功能在整个生命周期中会发生各种变化。在这篇综述中，我们根据过去 5-6 年发表的数据以及科学中心在家庭健康和人类生殖问题方面的先前研究的基础结果，讨论了在人类发育过程中 SS 的形成和回归的特征，这些研究结果为觉醒和睡眠的神经生理现象的现代研究奠定了基础。寻找高级神经活动病理学的诊断模式和预后标志物仍然是基础研究和医学实践的重点。睡眠及其 EEG 模式的现代研究方法是理解睡眠-觉醒周期神经生理方面的下一步。这将为预测产后成熟、理解“睡眠-觉醒”连续体中大脑神经可塑性的机制开辟前景，这是现代睡眠医学和神经生理学的任务之一。
