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Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2022 Dec 21;29(18):2312-2321. doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac194.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading global cause of death. For decades, the conventional wisdom has been that the consumption of saturated fat (SFA) undermines cardiovascular health, clogs the arteries, increases risk of CVD, and leads to heart attacks. It is timely to investigate whether this claim holds up to scientific scrutiny. The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss recent scientific evidence on the association between dietary SFA and CVD.
PubMed, Google scholar, and Scopus were searched for articles published between 2010 and 2021 on the association between SFA consumption and CVD risk and outcomes. A review was conducted examining observational studies and prospective epidemiologic cohort studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies and prospective epidemiologic cohort studies, and long-term RCTs. Collectively, neither observational studies, prospective epidemiologic cohort studies, RCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses have conclusively established a significant association between SFA in the diet and subsequent cardiovascular risk and coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, or mortality nor a benefit of reducing dietary SFAs on CVD rick, events, and mortality. Beneficial effects of replacement of SFA by polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fat or carbohydrates remain elusive.
Findings from the studies reviewed in this paper indicate that the consumption of SFA is not significantly associated with CVD risk, events, or mortality. Based on the scientific evidence, there is no scientific ground to demonize SFA as a cause of CVD. SFA naturally occurring in nutrient-dense foods can be safely included in the diet.
心血管疾病（CVD）是全球主要的死亡原因。几十年来，传统观点一直认为饱和脂肪（SFA）的摄入会损害心血管健康，阻塞动脉，增加 CVD 风险，并导致心脏病发作。现在及时研究这一说法是否经得起科学审查是很重要的。本文的目的是回顾和讨论最近关于饮食 SFA 与 CVD 之间关联的科学证据。
在 2010 年至 2021 年期间，在 PubMed、Google Scholar 和 Scopus 上搜索了关于 SFA 消耗与 CVD 风险和结局之间关联的文章。对观察性研究和前瞻性队列研究、随机对照试验（RCT）、观察性研究和前瞻性队列研究的系统评价和荟萃分析以及长期 RCT 进行了综述。总的来说，观察性研究、前瞻性队列研究、RCT、系统评价和荟萃分析都没有明确确定饮食 SFA 与随后的心血管风险和冠心病、心肌梗死或死亡率之间存在显著关联，也没有确定减少饮食 SFA 对 CVD 风险、事件和死亡率的益处。用多不饱和或单不饱和脂肪或碳水化合物替代 SFA 的有益效果仍然难以捉摸。
本文综述的研究结果表明，SFA 的消耗与 CVD 风险、事件或死亡率没有显著关联。基于科学证据，没有科学依据将 SFA 视为 CVD 的原因而妖魔化。天然存在于营养密集型食物中的 SFA 可以安全地包含在饮食中。
