More Kimberly R, Phillips L Alison
Department of Psychology, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.
Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
Front Psychol. 2022 Aug 17;13:940777. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.940777. eCollection 2022.
There are several widely used theories of health behavior change, which mostly utilize the social cognitive approach. These theories tend to posit that intention is a direct predictor of behavior, do not include automatic influences on behavior, and propose a one-size-fits-all theory for both initiators and maintainers. However, the intention-behavior gap is a well-observed phenomenon, researchers have highlighted that both automatic and reflective factors promote behavioral engagement, and predictors of behavior have been shown to differ between initiators and maintainers-three issues that necessitate theory advancement. To that end, the present research compares the utility of the Integrated Behavior Change Model (IBCM) - a social cognitive model that includes automatic factors involved in behavioral engagement and a moderator of the intention-behavior gap - to its theoretical predecessor, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Further, the relevance of the IBCM factors for predicting exercise behavior is compared in initiators versus maintainers.
Participants were 494 US undergraduates. Participants reported on variables from the IBCM (and TPB) at baseline and reported on their exercise behavior in two surveys at seven- and 14-days post-baseline.
Findings supported the first hypothesis that the IBCM would be more relevant for initiators in comparison with maintainers, using structural equation modeling. Specifically, only the paths between intrinsic motivation and affective attitude, affective attitude and intention, and intention and behavior were reliably found for maintainers. For initiators, the aforementioned paths were also reliably supported and the additional following paths were also supported: intrinsic motivation and perceived behavioral control, perceived behavioral control and intention, and intention and action planning. However, results did not support the second hypothesis that the IBCM would predict significantly more variance in behavior than its theoretical predecessor, the TPB. Specifically, the addition of action planning, implicit attitude, implicit motivation, and the interaction between intention and action planning only predicted an additional 0.3% ( < 0:05) of the variance in exercise behavior above and beyond intention.
Results highlight the continued need for theoretical refinement in terms of delineating mechanisms of initiation and maintenance and the need for further development in terms of improving upon current predictions of behavior engagement and change.
有几种广泛使用的健康行为改变理论，大多采用社会认知方法。这些理论往往假定意图是行为的直接预测指标，不包括对行为的自动影响，并且为行为的发起者和维持者提出了一种一刀切的理论。然而，意图-行为差距是一个广为人知的现象，研究人员强调自动因素和反思因素都会促进行为参与，并且行为预测指标在发起者和维持者之间存在差异——这三个问题都需要理论的进一步发展。为此，本研究将综合行为改变模型（IBCM）——一种包含行为参与中涉及的自动因素以及意图-行为差距调节因素的社会认知模型——与其理论前身计划行为理论（TPB）的效用进行了比较。此外，还比较了IBCM因素在预测发起者与维持者运动行为方面的相关性。
参与者为494名美国本科生。参与者在基线时报告了IBCM（和TPB）中的变量，并在基线后7天和14天的两次调查中报告了他们的运动行为。
研究结果支持了第一个假设，即使用结构方程模型，与维持者相比，IBCM对发起者更具相关性。具体而言，对于维持者，仅可靠地发现了内在动机与情感态度、情感态度与意图以及意图与行为之间的路径。对于发起者，上述路径也得到了可靠支持，并且还支持以下额外路径：内在动机与感知行为控制、感知行为控制与意图以及意图与行动计划。然而，结果并不支持第二个假设，即IBCM比其理论前身TPB能显著预测更多的行为方差。具体而言，增加行动计划、内隐态度、内隐动机以及意图与行动计划之间的相互作用，仅比意图额外预测了0.3%（<0.05）的运动行为方差。
结果凸显了在界定启动和维持机制方面持续进行理论完善的必要性，以及在改进当前对行为参与和改变的预测方面进一步发展的必要性。
