Katal Avita, Dahiya Susheela, Choudhury Tanupriya
Research Scholar, School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India.
School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India.
Cluster Comput. 2023;26(3):1845-1875. doi: 10.1007/s10586-022-03713-0. Epub 2022 Aug 30.
Cloud computing is a commercial and economic paradigm that has gained traction since 2006 and is presently the most significant technology in IT sector. From the notion of cloud computing to its energy efficiency, cloud has been the subject of much discussion. The energy consumption of data centres alone will rise from 200 TWh in 2016 to 2967 TWh in 2030. The data centres require a lot of power to provide services, which increases CO2 emissions. In this survey paper, software-based technologies that can be used for building green data centers and include power management at individual software level has been discussed. The paper discusses the energy efficiency in containers and problem-solving approaches used for reducing power consumption in data centers. Further, the paper also gives details about the impact of data centers on environment that includes the e-waste and the various standards opted by different countries for giving rating to the data centers. This article goes beyond just demonstrating new green cloud computing possibilities. Instead, it focuses the attention and resources of academia and society on a critical issue: long-term technological advancement. The article covers the new technologies that can be applied at the individual software level that includes techniques applied at virtualization level, operating system level and application level. It clearly defines different measures at each level to reduce the energy consumption that clearly adds value to the current environmental problem of pollution reduction. This article also addresses the difficulties, concerns, and needs that cloud data centres and cloud organisations must grasp, as well as some of the factors and case studies that influence green cloud usage.
云计算是一种自2006年以来逐渐受到关注的商业和经济模式，目前是信息技术领域最重要的技术。从云计算的概念到其能源效率，云计算一直是诸多讨论的主题。仅数据中心的能源消耗就将从2016年的200太瓦时增加到2030年的2967太瓦时。数据中心需要大量电力来提供服务，这增加了二氧化碳排放量。在这篇综述论文中，讨论了可用于构建绿色数据中心且包括单个软件层面电源管理的基于软件的技术。本文讨论了容器中的能源效率以及用于降低数据中心功耗的问题解决方法。此外，本文还详细介绍了数据中心对环境的影响，包括电子垃圾以及不同国家为数据中心评级所采用的各种标准。本文不仅仅展示了新的绿色云计算可能性。相反，它将学术界和社会的注意力及资源集中在一个关键问题上：长期技术进步。本文涵盖了可在单个软件层面应用的新技术，包括在虚拟化层面、操作系统层面和应用层面应用的技术。它明确界定了每个层面降低能源消耗的不同措施，这显然为当前减少污染的环境问题增添了价值。本文还探讨了云数据中心和云组织必须掌握的困难、问题和需求，以及一些影响绿色云使用的因素和案例研究。
