Sarikaya Onur Muhammed, Kuzay Mustafa, Demirel Ender, Melgaard Simon Pommerencke, Nielsen Jesper Ellerbaek, Jensen Rasmus Lund, Oleksiak Ariel, Szeliga Wojciech
Design and Simulation Tech. Inc, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey.
Department of Civil Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26480, Eskisehir, Turkey.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jul 10;15(1):24952. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-11048-0.
The new reporting scheme adopted by the European Union focuses on the efficiency assessment of data centers based on key performance indicators (KPIs). This has the potential to lead to further measures for improving energy efficiency of data centers. Consequently, a systematic approach is crucial for assessing and improving data center performance. This study investigates efficiency assessment of two European pilot data centers, located in Denmark and Poland, according to the KPIs calculated through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of airflow and thermal structures. Two separate experimental approaches were adopted at the pilot sites. One measured airflow and temperatures using external sensors at server inlets and outlets, while the other measured inlet temperatures from embedded server sensors. The good agreement observed between simulated and experimental data confirmed the accuracy of the computational model. The validated CFD model was applied to investigate efficiency improvement opportunities by retrofitting the thermal environment such as rack positioning, containment implementation, and guided airflow control. A series of numerical simulations are performed using the validated numerical model and KPIs are calculated for each design. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the efficiency of an existing data center can be enhanced by up to 75% using the presented approach, although the improvement varied significantly with the specific KPIs. The computational approach proposed here can be readily generalized to guide the efficiency assessment and improvement of existing data centers.
欧盟采用的新报告方案侧重于基于关键绩效指标（KPI）对数据中心进行效率评估。这有可能促使采取进一步措施来提高数据中心的能源效率。因此，一种系统的方法对于评估和改善数据中心性能至关重要。本研究根据通过气流和热结构的计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟计算得出的关键绩效指标，对位于丹麦和波兰的两个欧洲试点数据中心的效率进行评估。在试点场地采用了两种不同的实验方法。一种方法是使用外部传感器测量服务器入口和出口处的气流和温度，另一种方法是测量嵌入式服务器传感器的入口温度。模拟数据与实验数据之间的良好一致性证实了计算模型的准确性。通过对热环境进行改造，如机架定位、实施封闭措施和引导气流控制，将经过验证的CFD模型应用于研究效率提升机会。使用经过验证的数值模型进行了一系列数值模拟，并为每个设计计算了关键绩效指标。数值模拟表明，采用本文提出的方法，现有数据中心的效率最高可提高75%，不过具体关键绩效指标的改善情况差异很大。这里提出的计算方法可以很容易地推广，以指导现有数据中心的效率评估和改进。
