Hosseini Motaharesadat, Koehler Karl R, Shafiee Abbas
School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.
ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling and Manufacturing (M3D), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.
Adv Healthc Mater. 2022 Nov;11(22):e2201626. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202201626. Epub 2022 Sep 13.
Much effort has been made to generate human skin organ in the laboratory. Yet, the current models are limited due to the lack of many critical biological and structural features of the skin. Importantly, these in vitro models lack appendages and fail to recapitulate the whole human skin construction. Thus, engineering a human skin with the capacity to generate all components, including appendages, is a major challenge. This review intends to provide an update on the recent efforts underway to regenerate appendage-bearing skin organs based on scaffold-free and scaffold-based bioengineering approaches. Although the mouse skin equivalents containing hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands have been established in vitro, there has been limited success in humans. A combination of biofabricated matrices and cell aggregates, such as organoids, can pave the way for generating skin substitutes with human-like biological, structural, and physical features. Accordingly, the formation of human skin organoids and reconstruction of vascularized skin equipped with immune cells prompt calls for more scientific research. The generation of appendage-bearing skin substitutes can be applied in practice for wound healing, hair restoration, and scar treatment.
人们已付出诸多努力在实验室中培育人体皮肤器官。然而，由于缺乏皮肤的许多关键生物学和结构特征，当前的模型存在局限性。重要的是，这些体外模型缺少附属器，无法重现完整的人体皮肤结构。因此，构建具有生成包括附属器在内的所有成分能力的人体皮肤是一项重大挑战。本综述旨在介绍基于无支架和有支架生物工程方法在再生带附属器皮肤器官方面的最新研究进展。尽管已在体外建立了含有毛囊、皮脂腺和汗腺的小鼠皮肤等效物，但在人类身上取得的成功有限。生物制造的基质与细胞聚集体（如类器官）相结合，可为生成具有类似人类生物学、结构和物理特征的皮肤替代物铺平道路。因此，人类皮肤类器官的形成以及配备免疫细胞的血管化皮肤的重建促使人们开展更多科学研究。带附属器皮肤替代物的生成可实际应用于伤口愈合、毛发修复和疤痕治疗。
