Physical Examination Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
J Transl Med. 2022 Sep 5;20(1):404. doi: 10.1186/s12967-022-03599-x.
Microparticles (MPs) are 100-1000 nm heterogeneous submicron membranous vesicles derived from various cell types that express surface proteins and antigenic profiles suggestive of their cellular origin. MPs contain a diverse array of bioactive chemicals and surface receptors, including lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins, which are essential for cell-to-cell communication. The tumour microenvironment (TME) is enriched with MPs that can directly affect tumour progression through their interactions with receptors. Liquid biopsy, a minimally invasive test, is a promising alternative to tissue biopsy for the early screening of lung cancer (LC). The diverse biomolecular information from MPs provides a number of potential biomarkers for LC risk assessment, early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and surveillance. Remodelling the TME, which profoundly influences immunotherapy and clinical outcomes, is an emerging strategy to improve immunotherapy. Tumour-derived MPs can reverse drug resistance and are ideal candidates for the creation of innovative and effective cancer vaccines. This review described the biogenesis and components of MPs and further summarised their main isolation and quantification methods. More importantly, the review presented the clinical application of MPs as predictive biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prognosis, their role as therapeutic drug carriers, particularly in anti-tumour drug resistance, and their utility as cancer vaccines. Finally, we discussed current challenges that could impede the clinical use of MPs and determined that further studies on the functional roles of MPs in LC are required.
微粒（MPs）是直径为 100-1000nm 的异质亚微米膜性囊泡，来源于多种表达表面蛋白和抗原表型的细胞类型，提示其细胞起源。MPs 包含多种生物活性化学物质和表面受体，包括脂质、核酸和蛋白质，这些物质对于细胞间通讯至关重要。肿瘤微环境（TME）富含 MPs，它们可以通过与受体的相互作用直接影响肿瘤的进展。液体活检是一种微创检测方法，作为肺癌（LC）早期筛查的组织活检替代方法具有广阔的前景。MPs 中的多种生物分子信息为 LC 风险评估、早期检测、诊断、预后和监测提供了许多潜在的生物标志物。重塑 TME 是一种新兴的策略，可以显著影响免疫疗法和临床结局，从而改善免疫疗法。肿瘤来源的 MPs 可以逆转耐药性，是创造创新和有效的癌症疫苗的理想候选者。本综述描述了 MPs 的生物发生和组成，并进一步总结了其主要的分离和定量方法。更重要的是，本综述介绍了 MPs 作为癌症诊断和预后的预测生物标志物的临床应用、作为治疗性药物载体的作用，特别是在抗肿瘤药物耐药性方面，以及作为癌症疫苗的应用。最后，我们讨论了可能阻碍 MPs 临床应用的当前挑战，并确定需要进一步研究 MPs 在 LC 中的功能作用。
