Steinman A M, Hayward J S, Nemiroff M J, Kubilis P S
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1987 Jun;58(6):550-8.
To evaluate the thermal performance of anti-exposure garments in rough seas, eight garment-ensembles were studied: 7 foam-insulated garments (2 tight-fitting "wet" suits, 3 loose-fitting "wet" garments, 2 "dry" suits) and 1 uninsulated, loose-fitting control. Mean calm and rough water temperatures were 10.7 and 11.1 degrees C, respectively. Rectal temperature, back skin temperature, heart rate, and subjective evaluations of garment protection were measured. Loose-fitting, "wet" garments allowed significantly greater (approximately 50-100%) mean rectal temperature cooling rates and significantly larger declines in skin temperature in rough water than in calm water. Such differences were not found for either the tight-fitting "wet" suits or the "dry" suits. Heart rates were significantly higher in rough seas than in calm seas for all garments. Rectal and skin temperature changes were positively correlated with each other and with subjective evaluation of cold water flushing; they were negatively correlated with warmth and tightness-of-fit. "Dry" garments provided better protection than did "wet" garments in both sea conditions, and tight-fitting "wet" garments provided better protection than did loose-fitting "wet" garments in rough but not in calm seas. Accidental immersion in rough seas may be associated with significantly lower survival times than previously estimated from calm-water studies.
为评估抗暴露服装在波涛汹涌海水中的热性能，研究了八套服装组合：7套泡沫隔热服装（2套紧身“湿式”潜水服、3套宽松“湿式”服装、2套“干式”潜水服）和1套无隔热的宽松对照服装。平静水域和波涛汹涌水域的平均水温分别为10.7摄氏度和11.1摄氏度。测量了直肠温度、背部皮肤温度、心率以及对服装防护的主观评价。与平静水域相比，宽松的“湿式”服装在波涛汹涌的水中使直肠温度平均冷却速率显著更高（约50 - 100%），皮肤温度下降幅度也显著更大。紧身“湿式”潜水服和“干式”潜水服未发现此类差异。所有服装在波涛汹涌的海水中的心率均显著高于平静海域。直肠温度和皮肤温度变化彼此之间以及与冷水冲洗的主观评价呈正相关；它们与温暖感和贴合度呈负相关。在两种海况下，“干式”服装提供的防护均优于“湿式”服装；在波涛汹涌而非平静的海水中，紧身“湿式”潜水服提供的防护优于宽松“湿式”服装。在波涛汹涌的海水中意外浸水可能导致生存时间比之前平静水域研究估计的显著更短。
