Shender B S, Kaufman J W, Ilmarinen R
Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division Warminster, PA 18974-0591, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1995 Jul;66(7):678-86.
Wissler's Texas Thermal Model (TM) has been used to simulate the effects of thermal stresses on individuals under a variety of conditions. As part of a U.S. Navy effort to develop integrated protection garments, TM was modified to predict tolerance to cold water immersion (CWI) with garments with clo values less than 0.1 (15).
With these modifications, TM predictions were validated using experimental data obtained from 39 males and females during anti-exposure suit CWI assessments. Data analyses were based on changes in rectal (Tre) and various skin temperatures (Tsk). A sensitivity analysis was also performed to determine which TM parameters were most affected during simulated CWI. The condition tested was head-out immersion in 4.4 degrees C water by a 72.6 kg man (10 mm mean skinfold thickness).
For most of the subject pool, the estimated change in Tre, chest, thigh, calf, and arm temperatures were not statistically different from experimental values. However, TM predictions were less accurate with respect to female responses. Based on thermal end points, TM predictions indicated that the following body segments were most sensitive to changes in insulation level (ordered from most to least important): chest and abdomen, leg, head, and arm. The physical parameters mean skinfold thickness, basal metabolic rate, body weight, and exercise metabolic rate had the most impact on TM predictions.
The relative benefit of increased insulation on individual body segments was identified to aid garment design. Further, the relative importance of model physical parameters was identified so that judicious initial conditions could be selected to ensure that only garment design changes would be reflected in model predictions.
威斯勒的德克萨斯热模型（TM）已被用于模拟各种条件下热应激对个体的影响。作为美国海军开发综合防护服工作的一部分，TM被修改以预测穿着保暖值小于0.1的服装时对冷水浸泡（CWI）的耐受性（15）。
通过这些修改，利用在抗暴露服CWI评估期间从39名男性和女性获得的实验数据对TM预测进行了验证。数据分析基于直肠温度（Tre）和各种皮肤温度（Tsk）的变化。还进行了敏感性分析，以确定在模拟CWI期间哪些TM参数受影响最大。测试条件是一名体重72.6千克（平均皮褶厚度10毫米）的男性头部露出浸泡在4.4摄氏度的水中。
对于大多数受试者群体，Tre、胸部、大腿、小腿和手臂温度的估计变化与实验值在统计学上无差异。然而，TM对女性反应的预测不太准确。基于热终点，TM预测表明以下身体部位对绝缘水平变化最敏感（从最重要到最不重要排序）：胸部和腹部、腿部、头部和手臂。身体参数平均皮褶厚度、基础代谢率、体重和运动代谢率对TM预测影响最大。
确定了增加各身体部位绝缘的相对益处，以辅助服装设计。此外，确定了模型物理参数的相对重要性，以便可以选择明智的初始条件，确保模型预测中仅反映服装设计的变化。
