Extended hemofiltration in a neonate: a case report and a review of the literature.

Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) has been used infrequently in the treatment of infants and children with acute renal failure. In this report we describe the use of CAVH in a critically ill neonate who was unable to be managed with either peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. The procedure was safe and effective in the management of fluid overload and multiple electrolyte disturbances including life-threatening hyperkalemia. The technical aspects of this procedure are described, and its potential benefits and complications are assessed with reference to the ten previously reported cases.