Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
J Med Virol. 2023 Jan;95(1):e28130. doi: 10.1002/jmv.28130. Epub 2022 Sep 14.
Due to the adverse effects of obesity on host immunity, this study investigated the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines (BNT162b2, ChAdOx-nCov-2019, and mRNA-1273) in inducing anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) neutralizing antibodies among individuals with various obesity classes (class I, II, III, and super obesity). Sera from vaccinated obese individuals (n = 73) and normal BMI controls (n = 46) were subjected to S-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serum-neutralization test (SNT) to determine the prevalence and titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Nucleocapsid-ELISA was also utilized to distinguish between immunity acquired via vaccination only versus vaccination plus recovery from infection. Data were linked to participant demographics including age, gender, past COVID-19 diagnosis, and COVID-19 vaccination profile. S-based ELISA demonstrated high seroprevalence rates (>97%) in the study and control groups whether samples with evidence of past infection were included or excluded. Interestingly, however, SNT demonstrated a slightly significant reduction in both the rate and titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies among vaccinated obese individuals (60/73; 82.19%) compared to controls (45/46; 97.83%). The observed reduction in COVID-19 vaccine-induced neutralizing humoral immunity among obese individuals occurs independently of gender, recovery from past infection, and period from last vaccination. Our data suggest that COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective in inducing protective humoral immunity. This effectiveness, however, is potentially reduced among obese individuals which highlight the importance of booster doses to improve their neutralizing immunity. Further investigations on larger sample size remain necessary to comprehensively conclude about the effect of obesity on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness on humoral immunity induction.
由于肥胖对宿主免疫的不利影响，本研究调查了 COVID-19 疫苗（BNT162b2、ChAdOx-nCov-2019 和 mRNA-1273）在诱导不同肥胖人群（I 类、II 类、III 类和超级肥胖）中抗 SARS-CoV-2 刺突（S）中和抗体方面的有效性。对接种疫苗的肥胖个体（n=73）和正常 BMI 对照组（n=46）的血清进行了基于 S 的酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和血清中和试验（SNT），以确定抗 SARS-CoV-2 中和抗体的流行率和滴度。核衣壳 ELISA 也用于区分仅通过疫苗接种获得的免疫与疫苗接种加从感染中恢复的免疫。数据与参与者的人口统计学数据相关联，包括年龄、性别、既往 COVID-19 诊断和 COVID-19 疫苗接种情况。基于 S 的 ELISA 显示，无论是否包含有既往感染证据的样本，研究组和对照组的血清阳性率均很高（均>97%）。然而，有趣的是，SNT 显示接种疫苗的肥胖个体（60/73；82.19%）与对照组（45/46；97.83%）相比，抗 SARS-CoV-2 中和抗体的比率和滴度均略有显著降低。肥胖个体中 COVID-19 疫苗诱导的中和体液免疫的这种降低独立于性别、既往感染的恢复以及最后一次接种疫苗的时间。我们的数据表明，COVID-19 疫苗在诱导保护性体液免疫方面非常有效。然而，这种有效性在肥胖个体中可能会降低，这突出了加强剂量以提高其中和免疫的重要性。仍需要对更大的样本量进行进一步研究，以全面得出肥胖对 COVID-19 疫苗在诱导体液免疫方面有效性的影响。
