Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Chile, Nunoa, Chile.
School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2023 May;19(3):676-683. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4680. Epub 2022 Oct 4.
Agriculture is one of the main economic activities in Chile and is associated with extensive use of pesticides, which can represent a risk to the environment and to human health. Currently, there are over 400 pesticides approved for commerce in Chile, including chemicals banned in other countries (e.g., flocoumafen and chlorfenapyr). An empirical analysis of their potential environmental effects is difficult due to this large number, thus opening the doors for the use of computational tools for prioritization efforts based on their persistence, bioaccumulation, and transport potential in the environment. The main objectives of this study were to estimate the properties and environmental distribution of pesticides approved for commerce in Chile and to generate a priority list for further evaluation in local environments. We used the Estimation Program Interface Suite interface to estimate the distribution coefficients, half-lives, and bioaccumulation potential of all pesticides registered in the Chilean Agriculture and Livestock Services. Additionally, the Pov & LRTP Screening Tool was used to estimate their overall persistence and long-range transport potential in the environment. The results were used to develop a P-B-lon range transport (LRT) score, which considered persistence, bioaccumulation, and long-range transport potential. All pesticides were compared to a group of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), used as reference compounds, to generate a list of priority pesticides with persistent organic pollutants characteristics. The results showed that most pesticides were distributed between the organic phase and water, where they also showed the longest half-lives and bioaccumulation potential. A group of 21 pesticides showed relatively high P-B-LRT scores, compared to PCBs, and were classified as priority compounds. The list was further refined based on the volume of sales for each pesticide. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:676-683. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
农业是智利的主要经济活动之一，与大量使用农药有关，这可能对环境和人类健康构成威胁。目前，智利有超过 400 种农药获准商业使用，其中包括在其他国家被禁用的化学品（如氟酰胺和氯氟吡氧乙酸）。由于数量众多，对其潜在环境影响进行实证分析变得困难，因此为基于其在环境中的持久性、生物累积性和迁移潜力进行优先级排序工作，开辟了使用计算工具的途径。本研究的主要目的是估计智利获准商业使用的农药的性质和环境分布，并为在当地环境中进行进一步评估生成优先级列表。我们使用估计程序接口套件界面来估计在智利农业和畜牧业服务局注册的所有农药的分配系数、半衰期和生物累积潜力。此外，还使用 Pov & LRTP 筛选工具来估计它们在环境中的整体持久性和长距离迁移潜力。将结果用于开发 P-B-lon 长距离传输 (LRT) 评分，该评分考虑了持久性、生物累积性和长距离传输潜力。将所有农药与一组多氯联苯 (PCB) 进行比较，作为参考化合物，生成具有持久性有机污染物特征的优先农药清单。结果表明，大多数农药分布在有机相和水中，在那里它们也表现出最长的半衰期和生物累积潜力。一组 21 种农药与 PCB 相比具有相对较高的 P-B-LRT 评分，被归类为优先化合物。根据每种农药的销售量对清单进行了进一步细化。综合环境评估与管理 2023;19:676-683。© 2022 作者。综合环境评估与管理由 Wiley 期刊 LLC 代表环境毒理与化学学会 (SETAC) 出版。
